Four defendants have been dismissed from, and four new defendants have been added to, the litigation campaign of individual inventor William Grecia. Grecia began asserting one or more of his three patents (8,402,555; 8,533,860; 8,887,308), which are generally related to accessing digital media stored in the cloud, in 2013. The most recent four defendants are American Express (1:15-cv-09217), MasterCard (1:15-cv-09059), and Visa (1:15-cv-09210), against which all three patents-in-campaign have been asserted in the Southern District of New York, and Adobe (3:15-cv-05474), against which only the ‘555 and ‘860 patents have been asserted, in the Northern District of California. Media streaming services are at issue in the campaign.