Monetization firm Empire IP LLC was on the list of the most prolific NPE plaintiffs from 2010 through 2014, alongside names like Acacia Research Corporation and Marathon Patent Group, Inc., both public companies, and IPNav and IP Edge LLC, both private. Flash forward to 2022, when April saw OBD Sensor Solutions LLC file Empire IP’s first lawsuits of the year, launching the firm’s first new campaign since December 2020, and May, which saw both some litigation activity, from Empire IP’s Fleet Connect Solutions LLC, adding a suit to one of only three campaigns still active today, and some assignment activity, moving a small family of mobile device mapping patents to a recently formed Texas entity. This stark contrast arguably underscores the forces at play in patent monetization since 2014, putting pressure on NPEs to evolve, wither, or even die.