Representing himself, named individual inventor Mark Henrik Sandstrom has asked the District of Minnesota for declaratory judgments that AT&T (0:24-cv-03053), Charter Communications (0:24-cv-03118), Ericsson (0:24-cv-02796), and Nokia (0:24-cv-03117) require a license to overlapping sets of five patents—described as related to certain “network protocol standards”, such as the BIER, NETCONF, and xGPON standards—to use the “respective standards in the US”. Other Sandstrom patents are in litigation from plaintiffs Optimum Communications Services, Inc. (OCS) and ThroughPuter, Inc.