Early infringement contentions in a round of five December 2021 cases filed by Westport Fuel Systems Canada Inc. in the Eastern District of Texas clarified that Robert Bosch provides the accused fuel injection valve to the campaign’s automaker defendants—Daimler (Mercedes-Benz), Fiat Chrysler, Ford, GM, and Nissan. Robert Bosch filed a declaratory judgment action against Westport Fuel in the Eastern District of Virginia while certain defendants moved to stay (for various reasons) and/or challenged venue, the latter leading to the dismissal of the cases against Mercedes-Benz and Fiat Chrysler. Since then, the Eastern District of Virginia has transferred the Bosch suit to Texas while Westport Fuel has refiled against Mercedes-Benz (1:23-cv-01991) in a third venue, the Northern District of Georgia.