Geolocation with guided surface waves

• US 10,001,553 B2
• Filed: 08/28/2015
• Issued: 06/19/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 09/11/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Quantum Wave LLC (Mad Energy)
• Original Assignee: Cpg Technologies, LLC
• Inventors: Corum, James F., Corum, Kenneth L., Lilly, James D., Pinzone, Joseph F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gregory, Bernarr E
• Application Number:
  US14/839,175
• Publication Number:
  US 20160077201A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,026 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 11/06 using intensity measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/06 Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements G01S5/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01P 3/00 Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/00 Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas arrangements for varying orientation of directional pattern H01Q3/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/10 using inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/52 Systems for transmission between fixed stations via waveguides
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/00 Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/24 Inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/72 for local intradevice communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer

Abstract

Disclosed are various embodiments for fixing a navigational position using guided surface waves launched from guided surface wave waveguide probes at various ground stations. A navigation unit may fix its position by determining the travel time of guided surface waves from the ground stations to the navigation unit. In another embodiment, the navigation unit may also fix its position by determining the change in intensity of the guided surface waves after travelling from the ground stations to the navigation unit. In other embodiments, the navigation unit may also fix its position by determining the difference in phases of phase-locked guided surface waves as they travel from the ground stations to the navigation unit.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

a first guided surface waveguide probe comprising a first charge terminal elevated over a first lossy conducting medium configured to generate at least one resultant field that synthesizes a first wave front incident at a first complex Brewster angle of incidence (θ

_i,B) of the first lossy conducting medium;

circuitry communicatively coupled to the first guided surface waveguide probe, wherein the circuitry coupled to the first guided surface waveguide probe is configured to at least launch a first guided surface wave with a first frequency via the first guided surface waveguide probe;

a second guided surface waveguide probe comprising a second charge terminal elevated over a second lossy conducting medium configured to generate at least one resultant field that synthesizes a second wave front at a second complex Brewster angle of incidence (θ

_i,B) of the second lossy conducting medium;

circuitry communicatively coupled to the second guided surface waveguide probe, wherein the circuitry communicatively coupled to the second guided surface waveguide probe is configured to at least launch a second guided surface wave with a second frequency via the second guided surface waveguide probe;

a third guided surface waveguide probe comprising a third charge terminal elevated over a third lossy conducting medium configured to generate at least one resultant field that synthesizes a third wave front at a second complex Brewster angle of incidence (θ

_i,B) of the third lossy conducting medium; and

circuitry communicatively coupled to the third guided surface waveguide probe, wherein the circuitry communicatively coupled to the third guided surface waveguide probe is configured to at least launch a third guided surface wave with a third frequency via the third guided surface waveguide probe.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a first guided surface wave receive structure configured to obtain electrical energy from the first guided surface wave travelling along a terrestrial medium and a second guided surface wave receive structure configured to obtain electrical energy from the second guided surface wave travelling along the terrestrial medium, wherein

the circuitry communicatively coupled to the second guided surface waveguide probe is further communicatively coupled to the first guided surface wave receive structure, and the circuitry communicatively coupled to the second guided surface waveguide probe is configured to at least:

determine that the first guided surface wave was received by the first guided surface wave receive structure; and

launch the second guided surface wave with the second frequency via the second guided surface waveguide probe in response to a determination that the first guided surface wave was received by the first guided surface wave receive structure; and

the circuitry communicatively coupled to the third guided surface waveguide probe is further communicatively coupled to the second guided surface wave receive structure, and the circuitry communicatively coupled to the third guided surface waveguide probe is configured to at least;

determine that the first guided surface wave was received by the second guided surface wave receive structure; and

launch the third guided surface wave with the third frequency via the third guided surface waveguide probe in response to a determination that the first guided surface wave was received by the second guided surface wave receive structure.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the second guided surface wave is launched at a predefined period of time after receipt of the first guided surface wave by the first guided surface wave receiver.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the third guided surface wave is launched at a predefined period of time after receipt of the first guided surface wave by the first guided surface wave receiver.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first guided surface wave, the second guided surface wave, or the third guided surface wave comprises a carrier wave for transmitting data.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the data comprises a transmission packet, the transmission packet comprising:

a time stamp; and

a location of at least one of the first guided surface wave waveguide probe, the second guided surface wave waveguide probe, or the third guided surface wave waveguide probe.

7. The system of claim 1, further comprising a feed network electrically coupled to the first charge terminal, the feed network providing a phase delay (Φ

) that matches a wave tilt angle (Ψ

) associated with a complex Brewster angle of incidence (θ

_i,B) associated with the lossy conducting medium in the vicinity of the first guided surface waveguide probe.

8. An apparatus, comprising:

a guided surface wave receive structure configured to obtain electrical energy from a guided surface wave traveling along a terrestrial medium;

an electrical load coupled to the guided surface wave receive structure, the electrical load being experienced as a load at an excitation source coupled to a guided surface wave waveguide probe that generates the guided surface wave;

a processor;

a memory; and

an application comprising a set of instructions stored in the memory that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to;

calculate a distance traveled by the guided surface wave from the guided surface wave waveguide probe to a location of the guided surface wave receive structure; and

determine a set of coordinates for the location based at least in part on the distance traveled by the guided surface wave from the guided surface wave waveguide probe to the guided surface wave receive structure.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the guided surface wave receive structure is selected from the group consisting of:

a linear probe, a tuned resonator, and a coil.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the guided surface wave receive structure is configured to substantially simultaneously receive guided surface waves on a plurality of different frequencies.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein causing the processor to calculate the distance traveled by the guided surface wave to the location of the apparatus further comprises causing the processor to at least:

determine a first intensity of the guided surface wave corresponding to an initial intensity of the guided surface wave at the guided surface wave waveguide probe;

determine a second intensity of the guided surface wave corresponding to an intensity of the guided surface wave at the location of the apparatus;

calculate a change in intensity between the first intensity and the second intensity; and

calculate the distance traveled by the guided surface wave based at least in part on the change in intensity.

12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein causing the processor to calculate the distance traveled by the guided surface wave further comprises causing the processor to at least:

determine a launch time of the guided surface wave from the guided surface wave waveguide probe;

determine an arrival time of the guided surface wave at the apparatus;

calculate a difference in time between the launch time and the arrival time to generate a travel time for the guided surface wave; and

calculate the distance traveled by the guided surface wave based at least in part on travel time of the guided surface wave.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the launch time of the guided surface wave is encoded in the guided surface wave.

14. A method, comprising:

receiving, with a guided surface wave receive structure, a guided surface wave travelling along a terrestrial medium,

the guided surface wave having been launched from a guided surface wave waveguide probe,

the guided surface wave receive structure configured to obtain electrical energy from the guided surface wave traveling along the terrestrial medium, and

the guided surface wave receive structure having an electrical load coupled to the guided surface wave receive structure, the electrical load being experienced as a load at an excitation source coupled to the guided surface wave waveguide probe that generates the guided surface wave;

calculating a distance traveled by the guided surface wave along the terrestrial medium from the guided surface wave waveguide probe to a location of the guided surface wave receive structure; and

determining a set of coordinates for the location based at least in part on the distance traveled by the guided surface wave from the guided surface wave waveguide probe to the guided surface wave receive structure.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the guided surface wave receive structure comprises a linear probe.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the guided surface wave receive structure comprises a tuned resonator.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the guided surface wave receive structure is configured to substantially simultaneously receive guided surface waves on a plurality of different frequencies.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein calculating the distance traveled by the guided surface wave along the terrestrial medium from the guided surface waveguide probe to the location of the guided surface wave receive structure further comprises:

determining a first intensity of the guided surface wave corresponding to an initial intensity of the guided surface wave at the guided surface wave waveguide probe;

determining a second intensity of the guided surface wave corresponding to an intensity of the guided surface wave at the location of the apparatus;

calculating a change in intensity between the first intensity and the second intensity; and

calculating the distance traveled by the guided surface wave based at least in part on the change in intensity.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein calculating the distance traveled by the guided surface wave along the terrestrial medium from the guided surface waveguide probe to the location of the guided surface wave receive structure further comprises:

determining a launch time of the guided surface wave from the guided surface wave waveguide probe;

determining an arrival time of the guided surface wave at the apparatus;

calculating a difference in time between the launch time and the arrival time to generate a travel time for the guided surface wave; and

calculating the distance traveled by the guided surface wave based at least in part on travel time of the guided surface wave.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the launch time of the guided surface wave is encoded in the guided surface wave.