Power management and security for wireless modules in “machine-to-machine” communications

• US 10,003,461 B2
• Filed: 07/05/2017
• Issued: 06/19/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 09/10/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: John A. Nix
• Original Assignee: Network-1 Technologies, Inc.
• Inventors: Nix, John A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sheikh, Ayaz R
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hampton, Tarell A
• Application Number:
  US15/642,088
• Publication Number:
  US 20170302447A1
• Time in Patent Office: 349 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/35 communicating wirelessly
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/445 by mutual authentication, e.g. between devices or programs
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2221/2105 Dual mode as a secondary aspect
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2221/2107 File encryption
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2221/2115 Third party
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 11/00 Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codesH04J13/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/2854 Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/24 Key scheduling, i.e. generating round keys or sub-keys for block encryption
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/72 Signcrypting, i.e. digital signing and encrypting simultaneously
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/805 Lightweight hardware, e.g. radio-frequency identification [RFID] or sensor
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0272 Virtual private networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0435 wherein the sending and receiving network entities apply symmetric encryption, i.e. same key used for encryption and decryption cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for symmetric key encryption H04L9/06
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0442 wherein the sending and receiving network entities apply asymmetric encryption, i.e. different keys for encryption and decryption cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for public-key encryption H04L9/30
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/045 wherein the sending and receiving network entities apply hybrid encryption, i.e. combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements using a plurality of keys or algorithms H04L9/14
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0464 using hop-by-hop encryption, i.e. wherein an intermediate entity decrypts the information and re-encrypts it before forwarding it
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/061 for key exchange, e.g. in peer-to-peer networks cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for key agreement H04L9/0838
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0807 using tickets, e.g. Kerberos cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication using tickets or tokens H04L9/3213
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/123 received data contents, e.g. message integrity
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/166 at the transport layer
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/04 specially adapted for terminals or networks with limited capabilities; specially adapted for terminal portability
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/006 : involving public key infrastructure [PKI] trust models network architecture or network communication protocol for supporting authentication of entities using certificates in a packet data network H04L63/0823
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0816 : Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0841 : involving Diffie-Hellman or related key agreement protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/085 : Secret sharing or secret splitting, e.g. threshold schemes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0861 : Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/088 : Usage controlling of secret information, e.g. techniques for restricting cryptographic keys to pre-authorized uses, different access levels, validity of crypto-period, different key- or password length, or different strong and weak cryptographic algorithms network architectures or network communication protocols for using time-dependent keys in a packet data network H04L63/068
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0894 : Escrow, recovery or storing of secret information, e.g. secret key escrow or cryptographic key storage
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/14 : using a plurality of keys or algorithms
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/30 : Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3066 : involving algebraic varieties, e.g. elliptic or hyper-elliptic curves
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/32 : including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/321 : involving a third party or a trusted authority
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3239 : involving non-keyed hash functions, e.g. modification detection codes [MDCs], MD5, SHA or RIPEMD
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3247 : involving digital signatures
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3249 : using RSA or related signature schemes, e.g. Rabin scheme
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/3263 : involving certificates, e.g. public key certificate [PKC] or attribute certificate [AC]; Public key infrastructure [PKI] arrangements network architectures or network communication protocols for supporting authentication of entities using certificates in a packet data network H04L63/0823
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/02 : Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/033 : of the user plane, e.g. user's traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/04 : Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/06 : Authentication
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/069 : using certificates or pre-shared keys
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/40 : Security arrangements using identity modules
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/70 : Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/005 : Routing actions in the presence of nodes in sleep or doze mode
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0216 : using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0235 : where the received signal is a power saving command
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0277 : according to available power supply, e.g. switching off when a low battery condition is detected
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 76/27 : Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/082 : for traffic bypassing of mobility servers, e.g. location registers, home PLMNs or home agents
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 80/04 : Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/12 : WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/12 : Access point controller devices
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 999/99 : dummy group
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 : in wireless communication networks

Abstract

Methods and systems are provided for power management and security for wireless modules in “Machine-to-Machine” communications. A wireless module operating in a wireless network and with access to the Internet can efficiently and securely communicate with a server. The wireless network can be a public land mobile network (PLMN) that supports wireless wide area network technology including 3^rd generation (3G) and 4^th generation (4G) networks, and future generations as well. The wireless module can (i) utilize sleep and active states to monitor a monitored unit with a sensor and (ii) communicate with wireless network by utilizing a radio. The wireless module can include power control steps to reduce the energy consumed after sending sensor data by minimizing a tail period of a radio resource control (RRC) connected state. Messages between the wireless module and server can be transmitted according to the UDP or UDP Lite protocol with channel coding in the datagram body for efficiency while providing robustness to bit errors. The wireless module and server can utilize public key infrastructure (PKI) such as public keys to encrypt messages. The wireless module and server can use private keys to generate digital signatures for datagrams sent and decrypt messages received. The communication system between the wireless module and the server can conserve battery life in the wireless module while providing a system that is secure, scalable, and robust.

Claims

1. A method for a wireless module to transmit a sensor measurement, the method performed by the wireless module, the method comprising the wireless module, in sequence:

changing (i) a processor from a sleep state to an active state and (ii) a radio from a radio off state to a connected state;

transmitting a message, wherein the message includes (i) the sensor measurement, (ii) a server address, and (iii) a module identity for the wireless module;

receiving a response, wherein the response includes (i) a channel coding, (ii) a security token, and (iii) a module instruction, wherein the module instruction includes a sleep timer; and

changing (i) the processor from the active state to the sleep state, and (ii) the radio from the connected state to the radio off state, before (a) the radio for the wireless module utilizes a discontinuous reception (DRX) state and while (b) the wireless module comprises a radio resource control connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state, wherein the processor uses the sleep timer to determine a duration of the sleep state.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the message comprises a first user datagram protocol (UDP) datagram sent to an IP address and port (IP:

port) number, wherein the response comprises a second UDP datagram from the IP;

port number, and wherein the wireless module transmits a single UDP datagram between (i) changing the radio to the connected state and (ii) changing the radio to the off state.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless module comprises a mobile device and includes a battery and a sensor, and wherein wireless module uses the sleep timer to change the processor from the sleep state to the active state (a) in order to record the sensor measurement from the sensor and (b) without any user input.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the sleep state of the processor comprises at least one of (i) a dormant state of the processor where a first power level used by all cores in the processor is less than 0.01 milliwatts during a period of at least one second, or (ii) a shutdown state of the processor where a second power level used by the processor is less than 0.001 milliwatts during the period of at least one second.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the dormant state of the processor comprises a random access memory (RAM) in the processor continuing to record data, and wherein the shutdown state of the processor comprises the RAM being flushed.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein a server includes a server private key, wherein the response sent by the server includes a server digital signature, and wherein the wireless module uses a server public key to verify the server digital signature.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio off state comprises the radio operating at a sufficiently low power where at least two of (i) a layer 1 message received at an antenna of the wireless module is not processed by a baseband processing unit, (ii) a base transceiver station beacon is not monitored by the wireless module, (iii) power to a radio frequency power amplifier is reduced below an operating threshold value, or (iv) the radio does not utilize a discontinuous receive (DRX) timer.

8. A method for a wireless module to transmit a sensor measurement, the method performed by the wireless module, the method comprising the wireless module:

recording a first sleep timer, a module identity, a key, and a server address in a nonvolatile memory;

using the first sleep timer to change (i) a processor from a sleep state to an active state and (ii) a radio from a radio off state to a connected state;

transmitting a message to the server address, wherein the message includes the module identity and module encrypted data, wherein the module encrypted data is encrypted using the key, and wherein module encrypted data includes the sensor measurement;

receiving a response, wherein the response includes a channel coding, a security token, and a module instruction, wherein the module instruction includes a second sleep timer; and

changing (i) the processor from the active state to the sleep state, and (ii) the radio from the connected state to the radio off state, before the wireless module receives a radio resource connection release, wherein the processor uses the second sleep timer to determine a duration of the sleep state.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the message comprises a first user datagram protocol (UDP) datagram sent to an IP address and port (IP:

port) number, wherein the response comprises a second UDP datagram from the IP;

port number, and wherein the wireless module transmits a single UDP datagram between (i) changing the radio to the connected state and (ii) changing the radio to the off state.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the wireless module comprises a mobile device and includes a battery and a sensor, and wherein the first sleep timer and the second sleep timer are different.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein a server sends the response, wherein the response includes server encrypted data, and wherein the wireless module utilizes a module private key to decrypt the server encrypted data.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the server encrypted data includes an instruction for the wireless module to change an actuator state, and wherein the wireless module processes the instruction before changing the processor from the active state to the sleep state.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein a server (i) includes a server private key and (ii) sends the response, wherein the response sent by the server includes a server digital signature, and wherein the wireless module uses a server public key to verify the server digital signature before processing the module instruction.

14. A method for supporting machine-to-machine communications, the method performed by a wireless module, the method comprising:

reading from a nonvolatile memory (i) a module identity, (ii) a key, and (iii) a server address;

changing a radio in the wireless module from a radio off state to a connected state, wherein the radio off state comprises the radio not utilizing a discontinuous receive (DRX) timer;

transmitting a message to the server address, wherein the message comprises a user datagram protocol (UDP) packet, wherein the UDP packet includes module encrypted data, wherein the wireless module encrypts the module encrypted data using the key, and wherein the module encrypted data includes a sensor measurement and a security token;

receiving a response to the message, wherein the response includes the security token and a digital signature for the security token; and

changing (i) the processor from the active state to the sleep state, and (ii) the radio from the connected state to the radio off state.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the radio off state comprises powering down at least two of (i) a power amplifier, (ii) a baseband processing unit, (iii) a radio modem, or (iv) the radio.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the wireless module changes the radio to the radio off state before the radio enters at least one of (i) a radio resource connected idle state (RRC_IDLE), (ii) a 3G idle state, or (iii) a GPRS idle state.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the message comprises a first UDP datagram sent to an IP address and port (IP:

port) number, wherein the response comprises a second UDP datagram from the IP;

port number, and wherein the wireless module transmits a single UDP datagram between (i) changing the radio to the connected state and (ii) changing the radio to the off state.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein the wireless module comprises a mobile device and includes a battery and a sensor, and wherein the wireless module uses a sleep timer to change the radio from the radio off state to the connected state.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein a server sends the response, wherein the response includes a server encrypted data, wherein the server utilizes a server key to encrypt the server encrypted data, and wherein the wireless module decrypts the server encrypted data before changing the radio to the radio off state.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein the wireless module transmits a detach message (i) while the wireless module comprises a radio resource control connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state and (ii) before the wireless module utilizes a discontinuous reception (DRX) state.