Method and apparatus for filling interconnect structures
First Claim
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1. An apparatus comprising:
- a plating chamber configured to hold an electrolyte;
a wafer substrate holder configured to hold a wafer substrate in the plating chamber, the wafer substrate including a surface having edge regions, field regions, and a feature; and
a controller including program instructions comprising;
(a) instructions for electroplating a copper layer onto the surface of the wafer substrate using the plating chamber, wherein the electroplating is performed in an electroplating solution having a resistivity higher than about 200 ohm-cm;
(b) instructions for annealing the copper layer, wherein the annealing reflows the copper in the copper layer and causes redistribution of the copper from the field regions of the wafer substrate to the feature; and
(c) instructions for repeating instructions (a) and (b) at least two times until an aspect ratio of the feature is reduced to less than a predetermined value.
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Abstract
Methods, apparatus, and systems for depositing copper and other metals are provided. In some implementations, a wafer substrate is provided to an apparatus. The wafer substrate has a surface with field regions and a feature. A copper layer is plated onto the surface of the wafer substrate. The copper layer is annealed to redistribute copper from regions of the wafer substrate to the feature. Implementations of the disclosed methods, apparatus, and systems allow for void-free bottom-up fill of features in a wafer substrate.
114 Citations
23 Claims
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1. An apparatus comprising:
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a plating chamber configured to hold an electrolyte; a wafer substrate holder configured to hold a wafer substrate in the plating chamber, the wafer substrate including a surface having edge regions, field regions, and a feature; and a controller including program instructions comprising; (a) instructions for electroplating a copper layer onto the surface of the wafer substrate using the plating chamber, wherein the electroplating is performed in an electroplating solution having a resistivity higher than about 200 ohm-cm; (b) instructions for annealing the copper layer, wherein the annealing reflows the copper in the copper layer and causes redistribution of the copper from the field regions of the wafer substrate to the feature; and (c) instructions for repeating instructions (a) and (b) at least two times until an aspect ratio of the feature is reduced to less than a predetermined value. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. A non-transitory computer machine-readable medium having program instructions for control of an apparatus, the program instructions comprising:
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(a) instructions for transporting a wafer substrate to modules associated with the apparatus, the wafer substrate including a surface with field regions and a feature; (b) instructions for electroplating a copper layer onto the surface of the wafer substrate, wherein the electroplating is performed in an electroplating solution having a resistivity higher than about 200 ohm-cm; (c) instructions for annealing the copper layer, wherein the annealing reflows the copper in the copper layer and causes redistribution of the copper from the field regions of the wafer substrate to the feature; and (d) instructions for repeating instructions (b) and (c) at least two times until an aspect ratio of the feature is reduced to less than a predetermined value.
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Specification