Battery energy storage system with arc flash protection, energy conversion system and protection method

• US 10,020,650 B2
• Filed: 02/23/2015
• Issued: 07/10/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 02/24/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GE Energy Power Conversion Technology Limited (GE Vernova, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: GE Energy Power Conversion Technology Limited (GE Vernova, Inc.)
• Inventors: Roesner, Robert, Rytz, Christoph
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Dharti
• Application Number:
  US14/628,764
• Publication Number:
  US 20150244165A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,233 Days
• Field of Search: 361 79
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/425 Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing printed circuits H05K1/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4271 Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/10 Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 1/0015 Using arc detectors
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 3/087 for dc applications
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 3/093 with timing means in general H02H3/027; thermal delay H02H3/085; timing means for undervoltage protection H02H3/247
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 3/38 responsive to both voltage and current; responsive to phase angle between voltage and current
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/18 for batteries; for accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 1/108 using diodes blocking reverse current flow H02J1/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00302 Overcharge protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00304 Overcurrent protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00306 Overdischarge protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00309 Overheat or overtemperature protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00718 in response to charge current gradient
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A battery energy storage system is disclosed, the battery energy storage system comprising a rechargeable battery assembly for storing and providing energy and a protection system including an arc flash protection device to protect against risks due to arc flashes. The arc flash protection device comprises an overcurrent protection unit which detects overcurrent conditions indicating arc flash conditions in case of a low impedance of the battery assembly and an undervoltage protection unit which detects undervoltage conditions indicating arc flash conditions in case of a low impedance of the battery assembly, wherein upon detecting the overcurrent conditions and/or the undervoltage conditions for a predetermined minimum time period, the arc flash protection device initiates protective measures to prevent further operation of the battery assembly. An energy conversion system comprising such a battery energy storage system, which can be used for stationary and mobile energy supply or distribution applications, is also disclosed.

Claims

1. A battery energy storage system, comprising:

a battery assembly for storing and providing energy, wherein the battery assembly is rechargeable; and

a protection system comprising an arc flash protection device for protection against hazards from arc flashes, wherein the arc flash protection device is arranged;

to sense a battery current provided by the battery arrangement and to compare it with a predefined maximum current threshold,

to sense a voltage provided by the battery assembly and to compare it with a predefined minimum voltage threshold, and

if the sensed battery current is greater than the maximum current threshold and/or the sensed battery voltage is smaller than the minimum voltage threshold, to determine that arc flash conditions are present and to initiate protective measures to prevent further operation of the battery assembly.

2. The battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the battery assembly comprises at least one battery module formed by a series connection of a plurality of battery cells.

3. The battery energy storage system according to claim 1, further comprising a positive DC voltage supply line connected to a positive terminal of the battery assembly and a negative DC voltage supply line connected to a negative terminal of the battery assembly, wherein the positive and/or negative DC voltage supply line each comprises a controllable switch arranged therein for interruption of the line connection as required.

4. The battery energy storage system according to claim 3, further comprising a fuse in the positive and/or negative DC voltage supply line for interruption of the current flow therethrough as required in case of a high short-circuit current.

5. The battery energy storage system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a current sensor which senses the actual current currently provided by the battery assembly and provides a current signal representing the sensed actual current; and

a voltage sensor which senses actual voltage currently provided by the battery assembly and provides a voltage signal representing the sensed actual voltage.

6. The battery energy storage system according to claim 1, further comprising a battery management system for monitoring and controlling the rechargeable battery assembly and comprising a control device for determining the state of charge of the battery assembly and for recognizing and preventing overcharge and over-discharge of the battery assembly.

7. The battery energy storage system according to claim 6, wherein the battery management system is connected to a current sensor and a voltage sensor of the battery energy storage system to receive from them signals representing present battery current and present battery voltage, and wherein the control device is arranged to compare the battery voltage signal received with a discharge voltage limit to recognize and prevent an over-discharged condition of the battery assembly.

8. The battery energy storage system according to claim 7, wherein the discharge voltage limit is higher than the minimum voltage threshold.

9. The battery energy storage system according to claim 6, wherein the arc flash protection device is part of the battery management system.

10. The battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the arc flash protection device is arranged to measure a first time duration during which the sensed battery current is greater than the maximum current threshold and a second time duration during which the sensed battery voltage is smaller than the minimum voltage threshold and to initiate protective measures if the first time duration exceeds a first maximum time threshold and/or the second time duration exceeds a second maximum time threshold.

11. The battery energy storage system according to claim 10, wherein the first maximum time threshold is lower than the second maximum time threshold.

12. The battery energy storage system according to claim 10, wherein the second maximum time threshold is lower than a discharge time limit indicating the time period during which the battery voltage must be below the discharge voltage limit to ensure that an over-discharged condition of the battery assembly is recognized.

13. The battery energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the arc flash protection device is arranged:

to compare the sensed battery voltage with a predefined first minimum voltage threshold and with a predefined second minimum voltage threshold which is lower than the first minimum voltage threshold; and

if the sensed battery voltage is below the first minimum voltage threshold for a first time period or if the sensed battery voltage is below the second minimum voltage threshold for a second period shorter than the first period, to initiate protective measures to prevent further operation of the battery assembly.

14. An energy conversion system, comprising:

a battery assembly for storing and providing energy, wherein the battery assembly is rechargeable;

a converter device connected to the battery assembly via a DC link for converting input side DC voltage energy provided by the battery assembly into output side AC voltage energy or vice versa; and

a protection system comprising an arc flash protection device for protection against hazards from arc flashes, wherein the arc flash protection device is arranged;

to sense a battery current provided by the battery arrangement and to compare it with a predefined maximum current threshold;

to sense a voltage provided by the battery assembly and to compare it with a predefined minimum voltage threshold; and

if the sensed battery current is greater than the maximum current threshold and/or the sensed battery voltage is smaller than the minimum voltage threshold, to determine that arc flash conditions are present and to initiate protective measures to prevent further operation of the battery assembly.

15. The energy conversion system according to claim 14, wherein the battery assembly comprises a plurality of battery modules each having a plurality of battery cells connected in series, wherein the battery modules are connected in parallel to each other and to a common DC bus to which the DC link is coupled.

16. The energy conversion system according to claim 14, further comprising one or more of the following protection devices for protection against fault currents:

a controllable switch in a positive and/or negative DC voltage supply line, which is connected to a positive and negative terminal of the battery assembly, respectively, to enable interruption of the current flow therethrough as required;

a fuse in the positive and/or negative DC voltage supply line for interruption of the current flow as required in case of a high short-circuit current;

a ground fault circuit interrupter in a ground connection between a positive or negative connecting line coupling the DC link with the positive and negative DC voltage supply line, respectively, and a grounding point;

overvoltage protectors provided on the DC side and/or the AC side of the converter device for surge protection; and

circuit breakers arranged in the connecting lines of the converter device on the DC side and/or the AC side to interrupt same as required.

17. The energy conversion system according to claim 14, further comprising a battery management system for monitoring and controlling the rechargeable battery assembly and comprising a control device for determining the state of charge of the battery assembly and for recognizing and preventing overcharge and over-discharge of the battery assembly.

18. The energy conversion system according to claim 17, wherein the arc flash protection device is part of the battery management system or is separate from the battery management system.

19. The energy conversion system according to claim 14, wherein the arc flash protection device is arranged to measure a first time duration during which the sensed battery current is greater than the maximum current threshold and a second time duration during which the sensed battery voltage is smaller than the minimum voltage threshold and to initiate protective measures if the first time duration exceeds a first maximum time threshold and/or the second time duration exceeds a second maximum time threshold wherein the first maximum time threshold is lower than the second maximum time threshold.

20. A method for protecting a battery energy storage system against hazards from arc flashes, wherein the battery energy storage system comprises a rechargeable battery assembly for storing and providing DC voltage energy, the method comprising:

sensing a battery current provided by the battery assembly and delivering a battery current signal indicative thereof;

comparing the battery current signal with a predefined maximum current threshold;

sensing a battery voltage provided by the battery assembly and delivering a battery voltage signal indicative thereof;

comparing the battery voltage signal with a predefined minimum voltage threshold; and

in case that the battery current signal is greater than the maximum current threshold for a first minimum time duration and/or the battery voltage signal is smaller than the minimum voltage threshold for a second minimum time duration, determining that arc flash conditions are present and initiating protection measures to prevent further operation of the battery assembly.