Method and device for the open-loop and/or closed-loop control at least of one operating parameter of an electrical storage device, wherein said operating parameter influences a state of aging of an electrical energy storage device

• US 10,035,427 B2
• Filed: 01/29/2016
• Issued: 07/31/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: MAN Truck & Bus AG (Volkswagen AG)
• Original Assignee: MAN Truck & Bus AG (Volkswagen AG)
• Inventors: Kratzer, Sebastian, Kirchensteiner, Elmar, Muller, Bernd
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhanu, Samuel
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kebede, Tessema
• Application Number:
  US15/010,951
• Publication Number:
  US 20160221465A1
• Time in Patent Office: 914 Days
• Field of Search: 320109
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/549 Current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/12 Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/16 responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/24 for controlling the temperature of batteries
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/00 Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere measuring superconductive properties G01R33/1238; testing or measuring semiconductors or solid state devices during manufacture H01L22/00; testing line transmission systems H04B3/46
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/392 Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/44 Testing lamps
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4271 Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0029 with safety or protection devices or circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00302 Overcharge protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00304 Overcurrent protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00306 Overdischarge protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0048 Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/005 Detection of state of health [SOH]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A method and a device for the open-loop and/or closed-loop control of at least one operating parameter of an energy storage device, the operating parameter influencing a state of aging of the energy storage device, to prevent too great a deviation from a planned serviceable life of the energy storage device. The method includes determining an actual state of health and a desired state of health of the energy storage device, and adjusting an operating parameter range that is permissible for the at least one operating parameter range if a comparison of the actual state of health with the desired state of health demonstrates an increased rate or reduced rate of aging in comparison to the desired state of health, wherein the operating parameter range is adjusted so that the energy storage device is operated at a reduced or an increased rate of aging, respectively.

Claims

1. A method for at least one of open-loop and closed-loop control of at least one operating parameter of an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle, wherein the at least one operating parameter influences a state of aging of the electrical energy storage device, said method comprising the following steps:

determining an actual state of health (SOH_actual) of the electrical energy storage device;

determining a desired state of health (SOH_desired) of the electrical energy storage device;

determining one of a remaining mission time and a remaining mission distance of the electrical energy storage device until the electrical energy storage device achieves an “

End of Life”

-state of health; and

adjusting an operating parameter range that is permissible for the at least one operating parameter if a comparison of the actual state of health (SOH_actual) with the desired state of health (SOH_desired) indicates that the actual state of health demonstrates an increased rate of aging in comparison to the desired state of health (SOH_desired) and if the comparison of the actual state of health (SOH_actual) with the desired state of health (SOH_desired) indicates that the actual state of health demonstrates a reduced rate of aging in comparison to the desired state of health (SOH_desired), wherein the operating parameter range is adjusted so that the electrical energy storage device is operated within the adjusted operating parameter range

at a reduced rate of aging if the comparison indicates that the actual state of health demonstrates an increased rate of aging, and

at an increased rate of aging if the comparison indicates that the actual state of health demonstrates a reduced rate of aging; and

wherein the step of adjusting the operating parameter range that is permissible for the at least one operating parameter is performed in dependence upon the one of the determined remaining mission time and the remaining mission distance in such a manner that the adjusting is greater as the one of the remaining mission time and the remaining mission distance reduces.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting the operating parameter range that is permissible for the at least one operating parameter is performed only if the value of the difference between the actual state of health (SOH_actual) and the desired state of health (SOH_desired) exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one operating parameter is a permissible state of charge window of the electrical storage device that defines a permissible minimum state of charge limit (SOC_min) and a permissible maximum state of charge limit (SOC_max);

and

the step of adjusting includes

if the actual state of health demonstrates an increased rate of aging in comparison to the desired state of health (SOH_desired), at least one of increasing the permissible minimum state of charge limit (SOC_min) and reducing the permissible maximum state of charge limit (SOC_max), and

if the actual state of health demonstrates a reduced rate of aging in comparison to the desired state of health (SOH_desired), at least one of decreasing the permissible minimum state of charge limit (SOC_min) and increasing the permissible maximum state of charge limit (SOC_max).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein that the at least one operating parameter is at least one of a maximum permissible charging current, a maximum discharging current, a maximum permissible charging current for a parameterizable time interval, and a discharging current for a parameterizable time interval;

and

the step of adjusting includes

if the actual state of health (SOH_actual) demonstrates an increased rate of aging in comparison to the desired state of health (SOH_desired), reducing the at least one of a maximum permissible charging current, a maximum discharging current, a maximum permissible charging current for a parameterizable time interval, and a discharging current for a parameterizable time interval; and

if the actual state of health (SOH_actual) demonstrates a reduced rate of aging in comparison to the desired state of health (SOH_desired), increasing the at least one of a maximum permissible charging current, a maximum discharging current, a maximum permissible charging current for a parameterizable time interval, and a discharging current for a parameterizable time interval.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one operating parameter is a maximum temperature limit for the maximum permissible temperature of the electrical energy storage device;

and

the step of adjusting includes

if the actual state of health demonstrates an increased rate of aging in comparison to the desired state of health (SOH_desired), reducing the maximum temperature limit; and

if the actual state of health demonstrates a reduced rate of aging in comparison to the desired state of health (SOH_desired), increasing the maximum temperature limit.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the desired state of health (SOH_desired) includes using a stored characteristic curve that indicates a measurement at least one of for a period of time that has elapsed since the commencement of the operation of the electrical energy storage device, and in dependence upon a second parameter that is a measurement for the through-flow of energy to-date through the electrical energy storage device.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one operating parameter includes at least two operating parameters, and with reference to data that indicate a temporal progression to-date of the actual state of health (SOH_actual) of the electrical energy storage device, the method further comprises determining one of the at least two operating parameters for which the adjusting of the operating parameter range moves the actual state of health (SOH_actual) closer to the desired state of health (SOH_desired) the quickest.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the event of the actual state of health (SOH_actual) deviating from the desired state of health (SOH_desired) of the electrical energy storage device, a future progression of actual state of health (SOH_actual) is predicted on the basis of stored usage data of the electrical energy storage device, wherein the operating parameter range that is permissible for the at least one operating parameter is adjusted in dependence upon the predicted future progression of the actual state of health (SOH_actual).

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of adjusting an operating parameter range that is permissible for the at least one operating parameter includes performing a simulation process that simulates a development of the actual state of health (SOH_actual) for at least one of:

different adjustments of the operating parameter range of the at least one operating parameter; and

different adjustments of the operating parameter range of different ones of the at least one operating parameter of the electrical energy storage device while using a model of the serviceable life of the energy storage device and a predetermined usage profile of the serviceable life of the energy storage device,

wherein the adjustment of the operating parameter range that renders it possible for the actual state of health (SOH_actual) to move closer to the desired state of health (SOH_desired) in an optimum manner is determined by the simulation process.

10. A control unit for at least one of open-loop and closed-loop control of at least one operating parameter of an electrical energy storage device of a motor vehicle, wherein said at least one operating parameter influences a state of aging of the electrical energy storage device, said control unit being configured to implement the method according to claim 1.

11. The device according to claim 10, further comprising:

a first control unit for the open-loop control of drive train components of the motor vehicle; and

a second control unit for the open-loop control of an electrical energy storage device,

wherein the first control unit is configured to determine the desired state of health (SOH_desired) of the electrical energy storage device and to transmit the determined desired state of health (SOH_desired) to the second control unit, receive an adjusted operating parameter range of the at least one operating parameter of the electrical energy storage device from the second control unit, and control an inverter of the electrical energy storage device while taking into consideration the received operating parameter range of the at least one operating parameter of the electrical energy storage device; and

wherein the second control unit is configured to determine the actual state of health (SOH_actual) of the electrical energy storage device, receive the determined desired state of health (SOH_desired) from the first control unit, adjust the permissible operating parameter range for the at least one operating parameter, and transmit the adjusted permissible operating parameter range to the first control unit.

12. A motor vehicle, comprising a control unit according to claim 10.

13. The motor vehicle according to claim 12, wherein the motor vehicle is a commercial vehicle.