Internal resistance estimation method for secondary battery, output control method for secondary battery, and vehicle

• US 10,046,664 B2
• Filed: 06/23/2016
• Issued: 08/14/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 06/25/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Komiyama, Keita
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward
• Application Number:
  US15/190,711
• Publication Number:
  US 20160375790A1
• Time in Patent Office: 782 Days
• Field of Search: 320104, 320128, 320132, 320130, 320135, 320149, 320150, 324430, 324433
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3648 comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/374 with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/389 Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/06 Lead-acid accumulators semi-lead accumulators H01M10/20
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/345 Gastight metal hydride accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/484 for measuring electrolyte level, electrolyte density or electrolyte conductivity
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/486 for measuring temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4278 Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

An internal resistance estimation method for a secondary battery includes: acquiring an initial internal resistance value and temperature course information including a battery temperature and time information about time at which the battery temperature has been recorded; estimating an increased amount of the internal resistance value after a lapse of a predetermined time from the predetermined reference time on the basis of the temperature course information; estimating a reduced amount of the internal resistance value of the secondary battery resulting from a relative change between a range of use of a state of charge of the positive electrode and a range of use of a state of charge of the negative electrode on the basis of the temperature course information; and calculating an internal resistance variation in the lapse of the predetermined time on the basis of the increased amount and the reduced amount.

Claims

1. An output control and internal resistance estimation method for a secondary battery, the internal resistance estimation method being a method of estimating an internal resistance value of the secondary battery including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, comprising:

acquiring an initial internal resistance value of the secondary battery;

monitoring the secondary battery to acquire temperature course information, the temperature course information including a battery temperature of the secondary battery at least during use of the secondary battery and time information about time at which the battery temperature has been recorded;

periodically acquiring and storing the temperature course information;

repetitively estimating an increased amount of the internal resistance value of the secondary battery, after a lapse of a predetermined time, on the basis of the stored temperature course information;

repetitively estimating a reduced amount of the internal resistance value of the secondary battery resulting from a relative change between a range of use of a state of charge of the positive electrode and a range of use of a state of charge of the negative electrode, after the lapse of the predetermined time, on the basis of the stored temperature course information;

repetitively calculating an internal resistance variation in the lapse of the predetermined time, on the basis of the increased amount and the reduced amount of the internal resistance value; and

adjusting an output of the secondary battery, based on the internal resistance variation.

2. The output control and internal resistance estimation method according to claim 1, further comprising

preparing first data about a standard secondary battery, the first data indicating a relationship among a temperature, a state of charge, and a resistance increase coefficient, wherein

the estimating the increased amount of the internal resistance value includes

calculating an integrated holding time of the secondary battery for each predetermined temperature, on the basis of the temperature course information, and

calculating an internal resistance value of the secondary battery after the lapse of the predetermined time is calculated on the basis of the integrated holding time at the predetermined temperature, the resistance increase coefficient at the predetermined temperature, and the state of charge included in the first data, and the increased amount of the internal resistance value is calculated on the basis of the calculated internal resistance value after the lapse of the predetermined time and the initial internal resistance value.

3. The output control and internal resistance estimation method according to claim 2, wherein

the estimating the increased amount of the internal resistance value includes

calculating the internal resistance value of the secondary battery after the lapse of the predetermined time from a reference time by using an integrated amount of a holding time at each temperature and the resistance increase coefficient at each temperature, and

obtaining the increased amount of the internal resistance value on the basis of the internal resistance value of the secondary battery after the lapse of the predetermined time from the reference time, and the initial internal resistance value.

4. The output control and internal resistance estimation method according to claim 1, wherein

the temperature course information is acquired during (1) a period during which the secondary battery is used, and one or more of following periods (2) to (4):

(2) a selected period from an end of use of the secondary battery, which is within a nonuse period of the battery;

(3) when a temperature difference between a maximum air temperature and a minimum air temperature of a day is larger than or equal to 10°

C.; and

(4) when a variation in average temperature of a month is larger than or equal to 5°

C.

5. The output control and internal resistance estimation method according to claim 2, further comprising

preparing second data about a positive electrode of the standard secondary battery, the standard secondary battery having the same specifications as the secondary battery, and the second data indicating a relationship among a temperature of the standard secondary battery, a state of charge of the standard secondary battery, and a resistance of the positive electrode;

and

acquiring positive electrode potential history information about the positive electrode of the secondary battery, the positive electrode potential history information including a potential of the positive electrode at least during use of the secondary battery and time information about time at which the potential of the positive electrode is recorded, wherein

the estimating the reduced amount of the internal resistance value includes

calculating a displacement of the potential of the positive electrode after the lapse of the predetermined time by subtracting an initial potential of the positive electrode from a potential of the positive electrode after the lapse of the predetermined time,

when the displacement of the potential of the positive electrode of the secondary battery is a positive value, calculating a shift amount of a state of charge lower limit value of the secondary battery on the basis of the displacement of the potential of the positive electrode, and

obtaining a difference by subtracting a shifted resistance value of the positive electrode when the state of charge of the secondary battery has increased by the shift amount of the state of charge lower limit value, from the initial resistance value of the positive electrode in the positive electrode potential history information, on the basis of the second data.

6. The output control and internal resistance estimation method according to claim 2, further comprising

preparing second data including a relationship among the temperature of the standard secondary battery, a state of charge of the standard secondary battery and a resistance value of a positive electrode of the standard secondary battery, the standard secondary battery having the same specification as the secondary battery;

and

acquiring positive electrode potential history information including a potential of the positive electrode of the secondary battery during use of the secondary battery and time information about time at which the potential of the positive electrode of the secondary battery is recorded, wherein

the estimating the reduced amount of the internal resistance value includes

calculating a shift amount of a lower limit value of the state of charge of the secondary battery in the lapse of the predetermined time by subtracting a state of charge of the secondary battery at a reference time in a state where the potential of the positive electrode of the secondary battery is at a lower limit, from a state of charge of the secondary battery after the lapse of the predetermined time in a state where the potential of the positive electrode of the secondary battery is at the lower limit; and

obtaining a difference, as the reduced amount of the internal resistance value, by subtracting a resistance value of the positive electrode of the secondary battery when the state of charge of the secondary battery has increased by the shift amount from a resistance value of the positive electrode of the secondary battery at the reference time, on the basis of the second data.

7. The output control and internal resistance estimation method according to claim 1, further comprising:

decreasing an output of the secondary battery in response to a determination that the internal resistance variation is positive;

keeping the output of the secondary battery in response to a determination that the internal resistance variation is zero; and

increasing the output of the secondary battery in response to a determination that the internal resistance variation is negative.

8. A secondary battery output control system comprising:

a secondary battery that serves as a power supply for propelling a vehicle;

a thermometer;

a current sensor;

a voltage sensor; and

an output control circuit configured to execute output control over the secondary battery, wherein the output control circuit comprises;

a timer;

a storage unit configured to store an initial internal resistance value of the secondary battery and temperature course information, the temperature course information including a battery temperature of the secondary battery at least during use of the secondary battery and time information about time at which the battery temperature has been recorded;

a battery monitoring device configured to periodically acquire the temperature course information;

a power supply control unit configured to repetitively estimate an increased amount of the internal resistance value of the secondary battery, after a lapse of a predetermined time, on the basis of the stored temperature course information, repetitively estimate a reduced amount of the internal resistance value of the secondary battery resulting from a relative change between a range of use of a state of charge of the positive electrode and a range of use of a state of charge of the negative electrode, after the lapse of the predetermined time, on the basis of the stored temperature course information, and repetitively calculate an internal resistance variation in the lapse of the predetermined time, on the basis of the increased amount and the reduced amount of the internal resistance value; and

a discharge control unit configured to adjust an output of the secondary battery, based on the internal resistance variation.

9. A secondary battery output control system comprising:

a means for monitoring the secondary battery and periodically acquiring temperature course information, the temperature course information including a battery temperature of the secondary battery at least during use of the secondary battery and time information about time at which the battery temperature has been recorded;

a means for storing an initial internal resistance value of the secondary battery and the temperature course information;

a means for repetitively estimating an increased amount of the internal resistance value of the secondary battery, after a lapse of a predetermined time, on the basis of the stored temperature course information, repetitively estimating a reduced amount of the internal resistance value of the secondary battery resulting from a relative change between a range of use of a state of charge of the positive electrode and a range of use of a state of charge of the negative electrode, after the lapse of the predetermined time, on the basis of the stored temperature course information, and repetitively calculating an internal resistance variation in the lapse of the predetermined time, on the basis of the increased amount and the reduced amount of the internal resistance value; and

a means for controlling the output of the secondary battery, based on the internal resistance variation.