Lithium-ion electrochemical cell, components thereof, and methods of making and using same

• US 10,050,308 B2
• Filed: 02/10/2017
• Issued: 08/14/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 12/17/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sion Power Corporation
• Original Assignee: Sion Power Corporation
• Inventors: Liao, Zhaohui, Scordilis-Kelley, Chariclea, Mikhaylik, Yuriy V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gatewood, Daniel S
• Application Number:
  US15/429,439
• Publication Number:
  US 20170200975A1
• Time in Patent Office: 550 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0567 characterised by the additives
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0568 characterised by the solutes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0569 characterised by the solvents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/021 Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/027 Negative electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/028 Positive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0025 Organic electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0037 Mixture of solvents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0404 by coating on electrode collectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0421 involving vapour deposition
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/134 Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/1391 of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/1395 of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/382 Lithium H01M4/405 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/661 Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings H01M4/669 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/667 in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/414 : Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/46 : Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

An electrochemical cell including at least one nitrogen-containing compound is disclosed. The at least one nitrogen-containing compound may form part of or be included in: an anode structure, a cathode structure, an electrolyte and/or a separator of the electrochemical cell. Also disclosed is a battery including the electrochemical cell.

Claims

1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:

a first electrode comprising lithium metal;

a second electrode;

an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises a fluorinated cyclic carbonate compound; and

an ionic N—

O compound,

wherein the second electrode comprises one or more of the following;

a nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion cathode, LiMn₂O₄, and LiCo_xNi_(1-x)O₂ where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.8.

3. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the fluorinated cyclic carbonate is fluoroethylene carbonate.

4. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises LiCoO₂.

5. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises LiCo_xNi_(1-x)O₂ and x is between approximately 0.05 and approximately 0.8.

6. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises LiMn₂O₄.

7. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the ionic N—

O compound comprises at least one of a compound including an amine functional group, an inorganic nitrate, an organic nitrate, an inorganic nitrite, and an organic nitrate.

8. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the ionic N—

O compound comprises a polymer.

9. An electrochemical cell as in claim 8, wherein the polymer is a polyelectrolyte.

10. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the ionic N—

O compound comprises a nitrate.

11. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the ionic N—

O compound is an additive to the electrolyte.

12. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a gel polymer electrolyte.

13. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the ionic N—

O compound is insoluble in the electrolyte.

14. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the second electrode includes the ionic N—

O compound.

15. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the first electrode includes the ionic N—

O compound.

16. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, further comprising a separator including the ionic N—

O compound.

17. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the ionic N—

O compound forms part of one or more of the first electrode, the second electrode, the electrolyte, and a separator prior to electrochemical cell cycling.

18. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the electrochemical cell has a cell life of greater than 90 cycles.

19. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the electrochemical cell has a discharge capacity ratio of greater than 0.8 after 60 cycles.

20. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3CO_1/3O₂.

21. An electrochemical cell as in claim 1, wherein the second electrode comprises LiNi_0.4Co_0.2Mn_0.4O₂.

2. An electrochemical cell, comprising:

a first electrode comprising lithium metal;

a second electrode;

an electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises a lithium bis(oxalate)borate compound; and

an ionic N—

O compound,

wherein the second electrode comprises one or more of the following;

a nickel cobalt manganese lithium-ion cathode, LiMn₂O₄, and LiCo_xNi_(1-x)O₂ where x is between approximately 0.05 and 0.8.

22. An electrochemical cell as in claim 2, wherein the second electrode comprises LiCoO₂.

23. An electrochemical cell as in claim 2, wherein the second electrode comprises LiCo_xNi_(1-x)O₂ and x is between approximately 0.05 and approximately 0.8.

24. An electrochemical cell as in claim 2, wherein the second electrode comprises LiMn₂O_4.

25. An electrochemical cell as in claim 2, wherein the ionic N—

O compound comprises a nitrate.

26. An electrochemical cell as in claim 2, wherein the ionic N—

O compound is insoluble in the electrolyte.

27. An electrochemical cell as in claim 2, wherein the electrochemical cell has a cell life of greater than 90 cycles.

28. An electrochemical cell as in claim 2, wherein the electrochemical cell has a discharge capacity ratio of greater than 0.8 after 60 cycles.

29. An electrochemical cell as in claim 2, wherein the second electrode comprises LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O_2.

30. An electrochemical cell as in claim 2, wherein the second electrode comprises LiNi_0.4Co_0.2O_2.