Infrared-based vehicle component imaging and analysis

• US 10,054,488 B2
• Filed: 09/14/2015
• Issued: 08/21/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 05/23/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: International Electronic Machines Corp.
• Original Assignee: International Electronic Machines Corp.
• Inventors: Mian, Zahid F., Gamache, Ronald W., Baliga, Shankar B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Maupin, Hugh H
• Application Number:
  US14/853,172
• Publication Number:
  US 20160003678A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,072 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B61K 9/06 by detecting or indicating heat radiation from overheated axles
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 1/20 Safety arrangements for preventing or indicating malfunction of the device, e.g. by leakage current, by lightning
• CPC Class Codes: B61L 27/57 for vehicles or trains, e.g. trackside supervision of train conditions
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 1/4228 arrangements with two or more detectors, e.g. for sensitivity compensation
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2005/0033 Wheel
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2005/0077 Imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0022 for sensing the radiation of moving bodies
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/026 Control of working procedures of a pyrometer, other than calibration; Bandwidth calculation; Gain control
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/061 by controlling the temperature of the apparatus or parts thereof, e.g. using cooling means or thermostats
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 13/08 in rotary movement
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 25/72 Investigating presence of flaws

Abstract

An improved system for evaluating one or more components of a vehicle is provided. The system includes a set of imaging devices configured to acquire image data based on infrared emissions of at least one vehicle component of the vehicle as it moves through a field of view of at least one of the set of imaging devices. An imaging device in the set of imaging devices can include a linear array of photoconductor infrared detectors and a thermoelectric cooler for maintaining an operating temperature of the linear array of detectors at a target operating temperature. The infrared emissions can be within at least one of: the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) radiation spectrum or the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation spectrum.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a first imaging device configured to acquire infrared-based image data corresponding to only a central region of wheels of a vehicle moving through a field of view of the imaging device;

a second imaging device configured to acquire infrared-based image data corresponding to a lower outer region of the wheels of the moving vehicle, wherein the lower outer region does not overlap with the central region, wherein the infrared-based image data acquired by the first and second imaging devices is at least partially based on infrared within the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) radiation spectrum; and

a computer system for evaluating the wheels based on the infrared-based image data, wherein the evaluating includes, for each imaged wheel of the moving vehicle;

generating temperature distribution data for the wheel based on the infrared-based image data acquired by the first and second imaging devices; and

evaluating the wheel using the temperature distribution data.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first imaging device or the second imaging device includes:

an array of infrared detectors, wherein an infrared detector in the array of infrared detectors is a lead selenide detector; and

a temperature element for maintaining an operating temperature of the array of infrared detectors at a target operating temperature between approximately −

80 degrees Celsius and approximately −

25 degrees Celsius, and wherein the at least one of the first imaging device or the second imaging device is capable of acquiring infrared image data having a resolution of approximately one quarter inch in a vertical direction at a rate of at least approximately two thousand frames per second.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the temperature element comprises a multi-stage cooler.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the infrared-based image data corresponding to only the central region of the wheels includes at least two times a number of infrared pixels as the infrared-based image data corresponding to the lower outer region of the wheels.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the imaging device is located adjacent to a rail on which the vehicle is moving.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the imaging device is located adjacent to a road on which the vehicle is moving, and wherein the vehicle can be moving up to at least approximately seventy miles per hour while the imaging device acquires the image data.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the evaluating includes:

determining whether the temperature distribution data is within an expected range of temperatures relative to a running average; and

determining whether the temperature distribution data includes a temperature that exceeds a maximum allowable temperature or is below a minimum allowable temperature.

8. A system for evaluating a vehicle moving at any speed in a range of speeds including a maximum main line operating speed of the vehicle, the system comprising:

a first imaging device configured to acquire infrared-based image data corresponding to a first region of the vehicle corresponding to at least one vehicle component of the vehicle moving through a field of view of the imaging device;

a second imaging device configured to acquire infrared-based image data corresponding to a second region of at least one vehicle component the moving vehicle, wherein the first region does not overlap with the second region, wherein each of the first imaging device and the second imaging device includes an array of high speed lead selenide infrared detectors and a temperature element maintaining an operating temperature of the array of high speed infrared detectors at a target operating temperature between approximately −

80 degrees Celsius and approximately −

25 degrees Celsius, and wherein the infrared-based image data is at least partially based on infrared within the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) radiation spectrum; and

means for evaluating the at least one vehicle component using the infrared-based image data.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein each of the first imaging device and the second imaging device is capable of acquiring infrared image data at a rate of at least approximately two thousand frames per second.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the temperature element comprises a multi-stage cooler configured to precisely control the operating temperature.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein the means for evaluating includes a computer system for evaluating the at least one vehicle component based on the infrared-based image data, wherein the evaluating includes:

generating temperature measurement data based on the infrared-based image data acquired by the first and second imaging devices; and

evaluating the at least one vehicle component using the temperature measurement data.

12. The system of claim 8, wherein the array of high speed lead selenide infrared detectors of the first imaging device is at least two times larger than the array of high speed lead selenide infrared detectors of the second imaging device.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the field of view of the first imaging device is at least two times larger than the field of view of the second imaging device.

14. A system for evaluating a vehicle moving at any speed in a range of speeds including a maximum main line operating speed of the vehicle, the system comprising:

a plurality of imaging devices configured to acquire infrared-based image data corresponding to distinct, non-overlapping regions of wheels of the vehicle, wherein the plurality of imaging devices includes at least two imaging devices, each of the at least two imaging devices including;

a high speed linear array of photoconductor infrared detectors; and

a temperature element for maintaining an operating temperature of the linear array of photoconductor infrared detectors at a target operating temperature between approximately −

80 degrees Celsius and approximately −

25 degrees Celsius, and wherein the infrared-based image data is at least partially based on infrared within at least one of;

the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) radiation spectrum or the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) radiation spectrum; and

means for evaluating the wheels using the infrared-based image data.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the temperature element of at least one of the at least two imaging devices comprises a multi-stage cooler configured to precisely control the target operating temperature.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein a size of the linear array of photoconductor infrared detectors for each of the at least two imaging devices differ by a factor of at least two.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the vehicle is one of:

a road vehicle traveling up to at least approximately seventy miles per hour or a rail vehicle traveling up to at least approximately four hundred fifty kilometers per hour.

18. The system of claim 14, wherein the means for evaluating includes a computer system for evaluating the wheels based on the image data, wherein the evaluating includes, for each imaged wheel of the vehicle:

generating temperature measurement data based on the image data acquired by the plurality of imaging devices; and

evaluating the wheel using the temperature measurement data.

19. The system of claim 14, wherein the evaluating determines a presence of at least one overheating component.

20. The system of claim 14, wherein the high speed linear array of photoconductor infrared detectors includes at least one of:

lead selenide photoconductor infrared detectors or mercury cadmium telluride photoconductor infrared detectors.