Performing horological functions in commercial transactions using time cells

• US 10,056,392 B2
• Filed: 02/06/2009
• Issued: 08/21/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Berstis, Viktors
• Primary Examiner(s): Huang, Tsan-Yu J
• Application Number:
  US12/366,951
• Publication Number:
  US 20090144076A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,483 Days
• Field of Search: 705 64, 705 16, 705 39
• CPC Class Codes: G04F 1/005 using electronic timing, e.g. counting means pulse time delay arrangements H03K5/13; modifications of electronic switches for introducing a time delay before switching H03K17/28
• CPC Class Codes: G04F 10/10 by measuring electric or magnetic quantities changing in proportion to time
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 20/40 Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 30/0207 Discounts or incentives, e.g. coupons or rebates
• CPC Class Codes: H10B 69/00 Erasable-and-programmable ROM [EPROM] devices not provided for in groups H10B41/00 - H10B63/00, e.g. ultraviolet erasable-and-programmable ROM [UVEPROM] devices

Abstract

Mechanisms for controlling a commercial transaction is presented. An article of manufacture has a time cell that is read by an electronic apparatus. In response to a determination of a state of the time cell by the electronic apparatus, usage of the article of manufacture in a commercial transaction is enabled or denied based on the determined state of the time cell. The expiration period of a time cell controls the time period during which the commercial transaction is enabled or is denied to be performed; an unexpired time cell may both enable or deny performance of a commercial transaction, and an expired time cell may also both enable or deny performance of a commercial transaction. The time cell may be used to restrict the usage period of a coupon, a promotional offer, a pre-paid service, or some other commercial transaction that involves an article of manufacture.

Claims

1. A method for processing a commercial transaction using data processing devices, the method comprising:

determining a state of a time cell that is associated with a commercial transaction that has been at least partially performed on a first data processing device at a time prior to a current time;

generating, at a second data processing device, a first time value that represents when the time cell was programmed at the time prior to the current time, based on the determined state of the time cell; and

processing information about the commercial transaction using the first time value to represent when the commercial transaction occurred at the time prior to the current time, wherein;

the time cell is an electrical device having an insulating medium and an electrostatic charge storage element that is programmed by giving the electrostatic charge storage element a desired electrical potential,

the time cell discharges electrostatic charge from the electrostatic charge storage element through the insulating medium at a predetermined rate of discharge, and

determining the state of the time cell comprises detecting a current electrostatic charge stored in the electrostatic charge storage element.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

retrieving a second time value from information about the commercial transaction;

comparing the first time value with the second time value; and

conditionally performing an operation to process information about the commercial transaction using the first time value or the second time value to represent when the commercial transaction occurred after comparing the first time value with the second time value.

3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:

reading, at the second data processing device, a transaction record for the commercial transaction from non-volatile data storage, wherein the transaction record includes the second time value that represents when the commercial transaction occurred or was recorded.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the time cell is part of the article of manufacture, and wherein the article of manufacture is coupled to the second data processing device in order to perform the generating and processing operations.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the article of manufacture stores a transaction record having transaction data for the commercial transaction.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the transaction data comprises a timestamp representing a time at which the commercial transaction occurred.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the article of manufacture is dispensed by the first data processing device in response to at least partially performing the commercial transaction.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein the article of manufacture is inserted into the first data processing device by a user either before, during, or after the at least partial performance of the commercial transaction.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein the first data processing device programs the time cell of the article of manufacture in response to the at least partial performance of the commercial transaction.

16. The method of claim 11, further comprising associating the time cell with a transaction record at least by associating the time cell is with a memory location storing the transaction record for the commercial transaction.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising associating the time cell with the transaction record at least by recording, in the transaction record an identifier of the time cell.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the identifier of the time cell is a location of the time cell within a time cell array.

4. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer executable instructions stored thereon, the computer executable instructions, when executed in a data processing system, cause the data processing system to:

determine a state of a time cell that is associated with a commercial transaction that has been at least partially performed on a first data processing device at a time prior to a current time;

generate, at a second data processing device, a first time value that represents when the time cell was programmed, at the time prior to the current time, based on the determined state of the time cell; and

process information about the commercial transaction using the first time value to represent when the commercial transaction occurred at the time prior to the current time, wherein;

the time cell is an electrical device having an insulating medium and an electrostatic charge storage element that is programmed by giving the electrostatic charge storage element a desired electrical potential,

the time cell discharges electrostatic chare from the electrostatic charge storage element through the insulating medium at a predetermined rate of discharge, and

determining the state of the time cell comprises detecting a current electrostatic charge stored in the electrostatic charge storage element.

5. The computer program product of claim 4, wherein the computer executable instructions further cause the data processing system to:

retrieve a second time value from information about the commercial transaction;

compare the first time value with the second time value; and

conditionally perform an operation to process information about the commercial transaction using the first time value or the second time value to represent when the commercial transaction occurred after verifying the first time value is substantially equal to the second time value.

6. The computer program product of claim 5, wherein the computer executable instructions further cause the data processing system to:

read, at the second data processing device, a transaction record for the commercial transaction from non-volatile data storage, wherein the transaction record includes the second time value that represents when the commercial transaction occurred or was recorded.

7. A system for supporting a commercial transaction that is processed using data processing devices, the system comprising:

an article of manufacture comprising;

a time cell state detector that determines a state of a time cell that is associated with a commercial transaction that has been at least partially performed on a data processing device different from the apparatus at a time prior to a current time; and

a time converter that generates a first time value that represents when the time cell was programmed, at the time prior to the current time, based on the determined state of the time cell; and

a data processing device that processes information about the commercial transaction using the first time value to represent when the commercial transaction occurred at the time prior to the current time, wherein;

the time cell is an electrical device having an insulating medium and an electrostatic charge storage element that is programmed by giving the electrostatic charge storage element a desired electrical potential,

the time cell discharges electrostatic charge from the electrostatic charge storage element through the insulating medium at a predetermined rate of discharge, and

determining the state of the time cell comprises detecting a current electrostatic charge stored in the electrostatic charge storage element.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the data processing device further:

retrieves a second time value from information about the commercial transaction;

compares the first time value with the second time value; and

conditionally performs an operation to process information about the commercial transaction using the first time value or the second time value to represent when the commercial transaction occurred after verifying the first time value is substantially equal to the second time value.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein the data processing device further:

reads a transaction record for the commercial transaction from non-volatile data storage of the article of manufacture, wherein the transaction record includes the second time value that represents when the commercial transaction occurred or was recorded.