High performance phase locked loop

• US 10,057,049 B2
• Filed: 04/21/2017
• Issued: 08/21/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 04/22/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Kandou Labs, SA
• Original Assignee: Kandou Labs, SA
• Inventors: Tajalli, Armin
• Primary Examiner(s): HA, DAC V
• Application Number:
  US15/494,439
• Publication Number:
  US 20170310456A1
• Time in Patent Office: 487 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/07 using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode , e.g. charge pumps
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/356 Bistable circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 5/26 the characteristic being duration, interval, position, frequency, or sequence
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/00 Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0996 Selecting a signal among the plurality of phase-shifted signals produced by the ring oscillator
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0998 using phase interpolation
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/104 using an additional signal from outside the loop for setting or controlling a parameter in the loop H03L7/107, H03L7/12 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0012 by comparing receiver clock with transmitter clock
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0025 interpolation of clock signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/033 using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop

Abstract

Methods and systems are described for receiving N phases of a local clock signal and M phases of a reference signal, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, generating a plurality of partial phase error signals, each partial phase error signal formed at least in part by comparing (i) a respective phase of the M phases of the reference signal to (ii) a respective phase of the N phases of the local clock signal, and generating a composite phase error signal by summing the plurality of partial phase error signals, and responsively adjusting a fixed phase of a local oscillator using the composite phase error signal.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

receiving N phases of a local clock signal and M phases of a reference signal, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

generating a plurality of partial phase error signals, wherein each partial phase error signal is an analog signal generated using a respective charge pump, the respective charge pump receiving respective charge pump control signals generated by a respective comparison between (i) a respective phase of the M phases of the reference signal to (ii) a respective phase of the N phases of the local clock signal; and

generating a composite phase error signal by summing the plurality of partial phase error signals, and responsively adjusting a fixed phase of a local oscillator using the composite phase error signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein M=1, and N partial phase error signals are summed to generate the composite phase error signal.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of partial phase error signals comprises M=N partial phase error signals, and wherein a given phase of the N phases of the local clock signal and a given phase of the M phases of the reference signal are each used to generate a single partial phase error signal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of partial phase error signals comprises M×

N partial phase error signals, and wherein each phase of the N phases of the local clock signal is compared to each phase of the M phases of the reference signal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein each partial phase error signal of the plurality of partial phase error signals has a corresponding weight applied to it.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the M phases of the reference signal are received from a delay-lock loop operating on an input reference signal.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the N phases of the local clock signal is generated using a phase interpolator operating on local oscillator signals and a phase offset signal.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein generating at least one of the N phases of the local clock signal comprises interpolating 4 phases using 4 differential pairs in the phase interpolator, each of the 4 phases being interpolated according to a corresponding differential pair connected to an independently tunable current source.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the respective charge pump control signals for each respective charge pump are further generated using a respective pair of flip-flops, wherein a first flip-flop of the respective pair of flip-flops is clocked using the respective phase of the M phases of the reference signal and a second flip-flop of the respective pair of flip flops is clocked using the respective phase of the N phases of the local clock signal.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein each phase of the N phases of the local clock signal are received via respective taps of a plurality of taps of a local oscillator.

11. An apparatus comprising:

a multi-phase comparator configured to receive N phases of a local clock signal and M phases of a reference signal, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the multi-phase comparator comprising;

a plurality of partial phase comparators configured to generate a plurality of partial phase error signals, wherein the plurality partial phase comparators comprise respective charge pumps configured to generate each partial phase error signal as an analog signal according to respective charge pump control signals generated by a respective comparison between (i) a respective phase of the M phases of the reference signal to (ii) a respective phase of the N phases of the local clock signal; and

a summation circuit configured to generate a composite phase error signal by summing the plurality of partial phase error signals, the composite phase error signal for adjusting a fixed phase of a local oscillator.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein M=1, and wherein the multi-phase comparator comprises N partial phase comparators configured to generate N partial phase error signals.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the multi-phase comparator comprises M=N partial phase comparators, each partial phase comparator configured to generate a partial phase error signal by comparing a respective phase of the N phases of the local clock feedback signal and a respective phase of the M phases of the reference signal.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the multi-phase comparator comprises M×

N partial phase comparators, the multi-phase comparator configured to compare each phase of the N phases of the local clock signal to each phase of the M phases of the reference signal.

15. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein each partial phase error signal of the plurality of partial phase error signals has a corresponding weight applied to it.

16. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a delay-lock loop configured to operate on an input reference signal and to generate the M phases of the reference signal.

17. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a phase interpolator configured to operate on local oscillator signals and a phase offset signal to generate at least one of the N phases of the local clock signal.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the phase interpolator is configured to generate at least one of the N phases of the local clock signal by interpolating 4 phases using 4 differential pairs in the phase interpolator, each of the 4 phases being interpolated according to a corresponding differential pair connected to an independently tunable current source.

19. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a respective pair of flip-flops configured to generate each respective charge pump control signals for each respective charge pump, wherein a first flip-flop of the respective pair of flip-flops is clocked using the respective phase of the M phases of the reference signal and a second flip-flop of the respective pair of flip-flops is clocked using the respective phase of the N phases of the local clock signal.

20. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a local oscillator configured to provide the N phases of the local clock signal to the multi-phase comparator, each phase of the N phases of the local clock signal provided via a respective tap of a plurality of taps of a local oscillator.