Method of carrying out a chemical reaction with the use of a catalyst

• US 10,058,848 B2
• Filed: 03/17/2015
• Issued: 08/28/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 03/19/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Instytut Elektrotechniki
• Original Assignee: Instytut Elektrotechniki
• Inventors: Lipiec, Wojciech, Orlowski, Edward, Malinowski, Marek, Chmielowiec, Jacek, Pasciak, Grzegorz
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Nicholas A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Raphael, Colleen M
• Application Number:
  US15/126,970
• Publication Number:
  US 20170106353A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,260 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/12 employing electromagnetic waves
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/745 Iron
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/33 Electric or magnetic properties
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/393 Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/00 Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/054 Nanosized particles
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/17 Metallic particles coated with metal
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/066 with fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/068 Ammonia synthesis
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1047 Group VIII metal catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/025 Preparation or purification of gas mixtures for ammonia synthesis
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/50 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01C 1/026 Preparation of ammonia from inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C01C 1/12 Separation of ammonia from gases and vapours as part of the ammonia synthesis process C01C1/04
• CPC Class Codes: C08B 31/18 Oxidised starch
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2008/1095 Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9041 Metals or alloys H01M4/92 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

An exemplary embodiment provides for a method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the powder catalyst, in particular ferromagnetic catalyst. The method is characterized in that while conducting a chemical reaction, particles of the catalyst comprising a ferromagnetic material are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with a frequency greater than 0.1 Hz and a magnetic field induction greater than 0.01 mT. Oscillating magnetic field here is a field the induction vector of which changes its direction in time. Putting catalyst particles into oscillation increases the efficiency of the chemical reaction by several dozen to several hundred percent.

Claims

1. A method comprising

(a) conducting a chemical reaction comprising ammonia synthesis, including exposing to a reaction chamber:

reactants,

wherein the reactants include a reaction gas,

wherein the reaction gas comprises a stoichiometric composition of 75% hydrogen and 25% nitrogen, molar percent, and

a catalyst,

wherein the catalyst comprises ferromagnetic iron powder,

(b) concurrently with at least a portion of (a), setting and maintaining a pressure of the reaction chamber at 10 MPa and setting and maintaining a temperature of the reaction chamber at 400°

C.,

wherein the reaction occurs at the set temperature and pressure,

(c) during at least a portion of (a) applying an external oscillating magnetic field of 10 mT and 333 Hz to the chemical reactants and catalyst undergoing the chemical reaction.

2. A method comprising:

(a) conducting a chemical reaction comprising oxydation to form aldehyde groups, including

(i) introducing to a reaction chamber a reactant of 42% aqueous suspension of potato starch,

(ii) setting the reaction chamber including the aqueous suspension of potato starch introduced therein in (a)(i), at a temperature of 40°

C. and at atmospheric pressure for 15 minutes,

(iii) during at least a portion of (a)(ii), adding to the reaction chamber a catalyst in the form of ferromagnetic iron,

(iv) subsequent to (a)(ii) adding drop wise to the reaction chamber, a reactant of 30% hydrogen peroxide solution until the concentration is 2 g/100 g in starch dry matter,

(b) subsequent to (a)(iv), setting the temperature of the reaction chamber at 40°

C. for 60 minutes,

(c) during at least a portion of (a), applying an oscillating external magnetic field of 500 mT and 2 Hz to the reaction chamber.

3. A method comprising

(a) conducting a chemical reaction comprising oxidation of CO to CO₂, including:

(i) introducing into a reaction chamber set at a temperature of 20°

C. and a pressure of 0.1 MPa reactants,

wherein the reactants comprise 1% CO and 99% air,

(ii) adding a catalyst to the reaction chamber,

wherein the catalyst comprises powdered iron particles coated with platinum,

(b) during at least a portion of (a) applying an external oscillating magnetic field of 10 mT and 333 Hz to the chemical reactants and catalyst undergoing the chemical reaction.

4. A method comprising

(a) conducting a chemical reaction comprising decomposing hydrogen into ions and electrons in a fuel cell

wherein the fuel cell includes

polymeric electrolyte, and

electrodes, wherein the electrodes include surface portions, wherein the surface portions are adjacent to the polymeric electrolyte,

wherein the electrode surface portions include a powder comprised of iron nanoparticles in an amount of 5 mg/cm² on the surface portions,

(b) during at least a portion of (a), applying an external oscillating magnetic field of 15 mT and 333 Hz to the fuel cell.