USB power converter with bleeder circuit for fast correction of output voltage by discharging output capacitor

• US 10,063,073 B2
• Filed: 05/21/2014
• Issued: 08/28/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 05/21/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Dialog Semiconductor Incorporated (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Dialog Semiconductor Incorporated (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Inventors: Yao, Jianming, Chen, Yimin, Li, Yong, Zheng, Junjie, Wong, Dickson T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Grant, Robert
• Assistant Examiner(s): TRISCHLER, JOHN T
• Application Number:
  US14/284,172
• Publication Number:
  US 20150340890A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,560 Days
• Field of Search: 320114
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/20 Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00308 Overvoltage protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0042 characterised by the mechanical construction
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/322 Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33523 with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop

Abstract

A universal serial bus (USB) charger provides power to a client device. A USB connector interfaces with a client device and receives a request for the output voltage of the USB charger to be at a specific value. If the requested voltage level is lower than the current output voltage level, the output voltage level is set to the requested level and a bleeder circuit is enabled to discharge the output capacitor of the USB charger.

Claims

1. A universal serial bus (USB) charger for providing power to a client device comprising:

a USB connector configured to interface with the client device, and to receive a request for an output voltage at one of a plurality of voltage levels including a first voltage level and a second voltage level, the second voltage level higher than the first voltage level;

a converter circuit, an output of the converter circuit coupled to the USB connector, the converter circuit configured to convert an input voltage level to an output voltage level at one of the plurality of voltage levels including the first voltage level and the second voltage level, the converter circuit comprising an output capacitor coupled to the USB connector;

a bleeder circuit coupled to the output capacitor of the converter circuit, the bleeder circuit configured to discharge the output capacitor of the converter circuit responsive to the output voltage level of the converter circuit being greater than the first voltage level, the first bleeder circuit comprising;

a first switch coupled to the output controller,

a first bleeder resistor coupled to the output capacitor and the first switch, the first bleeder resistor configured to discharge the output capacitor when the first switch is closed,

a second switch coupled to the output controller, and

a second bleeder resistor coupled to the output capacitor and the second switch, the second bleeder resistor having a resistance higher than the first bleeder resistor, the second bleeder resistor configured to provide a slow discharge of the output capacitor when the first switch is opened; and

an output controller coupled to the converter circuit and the bleeder circuit, the output controller configured to;

responsive to a client device not being connected to the USB connector and the output voltage level of the converter circuit being controlled to be at the second voltage level;

control the output voltage level of the converter circuit to be at the first voltage level,

turn on the first switch and the second switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is at the second voltage level, and

turn off the first switch and the second switch responsive to determining that the first switch and the second switch have been on for a set amount of time.

2. The USB charger of claim 1, wherein the bleeder circuit further comprises:

a bleeder capacitor, the bleeder capacitor coupled in parallel to the bleeder resistor, the bleeder capacitor configured to receive a portion of charge stored in the output capacitor when the first switch is closed.

3. The USB charger of claim 1, wherein the output controller is further configured to:

turn off the first switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is at a third voltage level, the third voltage level higher than the first voltage level and lower than the second voltage level; and

turn off the second switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is within a threshold level of the first voltage level.

4. The USB charger of claim 1, wherein the output controller is configured to turn on the first switch responsive to receiving the request for the output voltage to be at the first voltage level and determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is at the second voltage level.

5. The USB charger of claim 4, wherein the output controller is further configured to turn off the first switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is within a threshold level of the first voltage level.

6. The USB charger of claim 1, wherein the bleeder circuit further comprises:

a second switch coupled to the output controller; and

a bleeder capacitor coupled to the output capacitor and the second switch, the bleeder capacitor configured to receive a portion of the charge stored in the output capacitor when the second switch is closed.

7. The USB charger of claim 6, wherein the output controller is further configured to:

turn on the first switch and the second switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is at a second voltage level, the second voltage level higher than the first voltage level; and

turn off the first switch responsive to determining that the output voltage of the USB charger is within a threshold level of the first voltage level.

8. A method for providing power to a client device in a plurality of voltage levels including a first voltage level and a second voltage level, the second voltage level higher than the first voltage level, the method comprising:

determining, by a universal serial bus (USB) charger, whether the client device is connected to the USB charger; and

responsive to determining that the client device is not connected to the USB charger and an output voltage of the USB charger is set to the second voltage level, the second voltage level higher than the first voltage level;

setting the output voltage level to the first voltage level; and

enabling a bleeder circuit, the bleeder circuit configured to discharge an output capacitor of the USB charger, the bleeder circuit including a first switch, a first bleeder resistor coupled to the output capacitor and the first switch, a second switch, and a second bleeder resistor coupled to the output capacitor and the second switch, comprising;

turning on the first switch and the second switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is at the second voltage level,

turning off the first switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is at a third voltage level, the third voltage level higher than the first voltage level and lower than the second voltage level, and

turning off the second switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is within a threshold level of the first voltage level.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

turning off the first switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is within a threshold level of the first voltage level.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

receiving a request, at the USB charger, for the output voltage at the first voltage level or the second voltage level; and

responsive to the received request being for the output voltage to be at the first voltage level;

setting the output voltage to the first voltage level, and

responsive to determining whether the output voltage level is higher than the first voltage level, enabling the bleeder circuit; and

responsive to the received request being for the output voltage to be at the second voltage level;

setting the output voltage to the second voltage level.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

responsive to determining that the requested first voltage is higher than the output voltage level setting the output voltage level to the first level.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the first bleeder resistor configured to discharge the output capacitor when the first switch is on.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the bleeder circuit further comprises:

a bleeder capacitor, the bleeder capacitor coupled in parallel to the first bleeder resistor, the bleeder capacitor configured to receive a portion of charge stored in the output capacitor when the first switch is on.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the bleeder circuit further comprises:

a third switch; and

a bleeder capacitor coupled to the output capacitor and the third switch, the bleeder capacitor configured to receive a portion of the charge stored in the output capacitor when the third switch is on.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

turning on the third switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is at the second voltage level.

16. A universal serial bus (USB) charger for providing power to a client device comprising:

a USB connector configured to interface with the client device, and to receive a request for an output voltage at one of a plurality of voltage levels including a first voltage level and a second voltage level;

a converter circuit, an output of the converter circuit coupled to the USB connector, the converter circuit configured to convert an input voltage level to an output voltage level, the converter circuit comprising an output capacitor coupled to the USB connector;

a bleeder circuit coupled to the output capacitor of the converter circuit, the bleeder circuit configured to discharge the output capacitor of the converter circuit responsive to the output voltage level of the converter circuit being greater than the first voltage level, the bleeder circuit comprising;

a first switch coupled to the output controller,

a first bleeder resistor coupled to the output capacitor and the first switch, the first bleeder resistor configured to discharge the output capacitor when the first switch is closed,

a second switch coupled to the output controller, and

a second bleeder resistor coupled to the output capacitor and the second switch, the second bleeder resistor having a resistance higher than the first bleeder resistor, the second bleeder resistor configured to provide a slow discharge of the output capacitor when the first switch is opened; and

an output controller coupled to the converter circuit and the bleeder circuit, the output controller configured to;

turn on the first switch and the second switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is at a second voltage level, the second voltage level higher than the first voltage level;

turn off the first switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is at a third voltage level, the third voltage level higher than the first voltage level and lower than the second voltage level; and

turn off the second switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is within a threshold level of the first voltage level.

17. The USB charger of claim 16, wherein the output controller is configured to turn on the first switch responsive to receiving the request for the output voltage to be at the first voltage level and determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is at the second voltage level.

18. The USB charger of claim 16, wherein the output controller is further configured to turn off the first switch responsive to determining that the output voltage level of the USB charger is within a threshold level of the first voltage level.

19. The USB charger of claim 16, wherein the bleeder circuit further comprises:

a bleeder capacitor, the bleeder capacitor coupled in parallel to the first bleeder resistor, the bleeder capacitor configured to receive a portion of charge stored in the output capacitor when the first switch is closed.