Nanoparticle macro-compositions

• US 10,066,187 B2
• Filed: 05/06/2016
• Issued: 09/04/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 07/02/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: P&S Global Holdings, LLC
• Original Assignee: NanoMech, Inc.
• Inventors: Malshe, Ajay P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Goloboy, James
• Application Number:
  US15/148,367
• Publication Number:
  US 20160312146A1
• Time in Patent Office: 851 Days
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 129/74 of polyhydroxy compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 141/00 Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 171/06 Particles of special shape or size
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2201/066 Molybdenum sulfide
• CPC Class Codes: C10M 2223/045 Metal containing thio derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2010/02 Groups 1 or 11
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2010/04 Groups 2 or 12
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/06 Particles of special shape or size
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/061 Coated particles
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2020/063 Fibrous forms
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2030/56 Boundary lubrication or thin film lubrication
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2040/04 Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2050/10 Semi-solids; greasy
• CPC Class Codes: C10N 2070/00 Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention may include a macro-composition with a special structure. The structure includes a layered macro-composition made of a nanoparticle as an inner nucleus, an intermediate layer around the nucleus, and an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer. A plurality of the layered macro-compositions is bonded together by bonds, so that each layered macro-composition is bonded to at least one other such layered macro-composition. Embodiments include a macro-composition made of three 3-layered macro-compositions joined in a chain by two bonds. These macro-composition assemblies may take the shape of layered macro-compositions bonded together in chains, or forming other shapes, such as rings. The layered macro-composition may be no more than about 100 nanometers in size, for example. The bonds of the complex macro-composition may have an average length of no more than about 100 nanometers, for example. Embodiments may be added to lubricants such as oil or grease, to increase their performance.

Claims

1. A layered nanoparticle macro-composition for delivery of an intercalated functional group, the macro-composition comprising:

a nanoparticle inner nucleus, wherein the nanoparticle comprises a functional group;

an intermediate layer around the nucleus; and

an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer,

wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture.

2. The macro-composition of claim 1, wherein the functional group comprises a radical group.

3. The macro-composition of claim 1, further comprising:

a number of additional layered macro-compositions, all together being a plurality of layered macro-compositions; and

a plurality of bonds each bonded to least two of the layered macro-compositions, such that each of the macro-compositions is bonded to at least one other of the macro-compositions by a bond including the functional group.

4. The macro-composition of claim 3, wherein the bonds are members of the group comprising ionic bonds, van der Waals bonds, dipolar bonds, and covalent bonds.

5. The macro-composition in claim 3, wherein the bonds comprise a component of another material to which a plurality of the layered macro-compositions are intercalated.

6. The macro-composition of claim 5, wherein the other material of the bonds is a member of the group consisting of grease, lithium complex grease, oil, hydrocarbons, polytetrafluoretyhylene, plastic, gel, wax, silicone, hydrocarbon oil, vegetable oil, corn oil, peanut oil, canola oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, paraffin oil, synthetic oil, petroleum gel, petroleum grease, hydrocarbon gel, hydrocarbon grease, lithium based grease, fluoroether based grease, ethylenebistearamide, and combinations thereof.

7. The macro-composition in claim 1, wherein the macro-composition is no more than about 100 nanometers in size.

8. The macro-composition in claim 3, wherein the bonds have an average length of no more than about 100 nanometers.

9. The macro-composition of claim 1, wherein the nucleus comprises a material which is a member of the group consisting of chalcogenides, molybdenum disulphide, tungsten disulphide, graphite, boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, hexagonal boron nitride, soft metals, silver, lead, nickel, copper, cerium fluoride, zinc oxide, silver sulfate, cadmium iodide, lead iodide, barium fluoride, tin sulfide, zinc phosphate, zinc sulfide, mica, boron nitrate, borax, fluorinated carbon, zinc phosphide, boron and combinations thereof.

10. The macro-composition of claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a material which is a member of the group consisting of lecithins, phospholipids, soy lecithins, detergents, distilled monoglycerides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, acetic acid esters of monoglycerides, organic acid esters of monoglycerides, sorbitan esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, compounds containing phosphorous, compounds containing sulfur, compounds containing nitrogen, and combinations thereof.

11. The macro-composition of claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer comprises an anti-oxidant comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, alkylated phenols, alkyl amines, aryl amines, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4,4′

-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, tert-butyl hydroquinone, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate, phosphites, thioesters, and combinations thereof.

12. The macro-composition of claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer comprises an anti-corrosion material comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal bisalkylphenolsulphonates, dithiophosphates, alkenylsuccinic acid half-amides, and combinations thereof.

13. The macro-composition of claim 1, wherein the outer layer comprises one or more materials which are a member of the group consisting of oil, grease, alcohol, composite oil, canola oil, vegetable oils, soybean oil, corn oil, ethyl and methyl esters of rapeseed oil, distilled monoglycerides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, acetic acid esters of monoglycerides, organic acid esters of monoglycerides, sorbitan, sorbitan esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, hydrocarbon oils, n-hexadecane, phospholipids, and combinations thereof.

14. The macro-composition of claim 1, further comprising a volume of lubricant, in which the layered macro-compositions are dispersed.

15. The macro-composition of claim 14, wherein the lubricant is a member of the group consisting of grease, oil, gear oil, lithium complex grease, and coatings.

16. A macro-composition for delivery of intercalated functional groups, the macro-composition comprising:

a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei, wherein each nanoparticle comprises a functional group;

on each nucleus, an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticle; and

a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond including the functional group,

wherein the inner nuclei each have an open architecture.

17. The macro-composition of claim 16, wherein the functional group comprises a radical group.

18. The macro-composition of claim 16, wherein the bonds are members of the group comprising ionic bonds, van der Waals bonds, dipolar bonds, and covalent bonds.

19. The macro-composition in claim 16, wherein the bonds comprise a component of another material to which a plurality of the layered macro-compositions are intercalated.

20. The macro-composition of claim 19, wherein the other material of the bonds is a member of the group consisting of grease, lithium complex grease, oil, hydrocarbons, polytetrafluoretyhylene, plastic, gel, wax, silicone, hydrocarbon oil, vegetable oil, corn oil, peanut oil, canola oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, paraffin oil, synthetic oil, petroleum gel, petroleum grease, hydrocarbon gel, hydrocarbon grease, lithium based grease, fluoroether based grease, ethylenebistearamide, and combinations thereof.

21. The macro-composition of claim 16, wherein the nuclei comprise a material which is a member of the group consisting of chalcogenides, molybdenum disulphide, tungsten disulphide, graphite, boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, hexagonal boron nitride, soft metals, silver, lead, nickel, copper, cerium fluoride, zinc oxide, silver sulfate, cadmium iodide, lead iodide, barium fluoride, tin sulfide, zinc phosphate, zinc sulfide, mica, boron nitrate, borax, fluorinated carbon, zinc phosphide, boron and combinations thereof.

22. The macro-composition of claim 16, wherein the outer layers comprise one of the materials which a member of the group consisting of oil, grease, alcohol, composite oil, canola oil, vegetable oils, soybean oil, corn oil, ethyl and methyl esters of rapeseed oil, distilled monoglycerides, monoglycerides, diglycerides, acetic acid esters of monoglycerides, organic acid esters of monoglycerides, sorbitan, sorbitan esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, hydrocarbon oils, n-hexadecane, phospholipids, and combinations thereof.