System and method for low x-ray dose breast density evaluation

• US 10,070,829 B2
• Filed: 03/14/2014
• Issued: 09/11/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sunnybrook Research Institute
• Original Assignee: Sunnybrook Research Institute
• Inventors: Mawdsley, Gordon E., Yaffe, Martin J., Alonzo-Proulx, Oliver
• Primary Examiner(s): Artman, Thomas R
• Application Number:
  US14/775,871
• Publication Number:
  US 20160029979A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,642 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/0414 with compression means
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/502 for diagnosis of breast, i.e. mammography
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/5217 extracting a diagnostic or physiological parameter from medical diagnostic data
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/582 Calibration
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/583 using calibration phantoms
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/30 for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment

Abstract

A system and method for measuring volumetric breast density using a low dose of radiation are provided. This low-dose image can be added to a standard mammographic screening protocol with less than a two percent increase in radiation dose imparted to the subject. This low-dose image can also be used as a single standalone test to determine breast density for younger women for the purposes of risk determination or screening regimen planning. The breast density measurement is more accurate than measurements that can be obtained with existing systems and methods by making use of a compression assembly that maintains a parallel alignment between the compression paddle and breast support table. Additionally, the compression assembly maintains a uniform known thickness of the compressed breast. The system and method have the added benefit that they can be readily implemented on a conventional digital x-ray unit with low cost.

Claims

1. A compression assembly for compressing a breast in use with a mammography system, comprising:

a rigid plate; and

at least one spacer coupled to the rigid plate and sized such that the spacer maintains the rigid plate in a substantially parallel alignment at a fixed distance from a breast support plate of an x-ray mammography system, thereby providing a region for receiving and compressing a breast at a substantially uniform thickness;

wherein the rigid plate has a curved surface and the at least one spacer has a contact face that is curved so as to uniformly contact the curved surface of the rigid plate, thereby maintaining the rigid plate in a substantially parallel alignment at a fixed distance from a breast support plate of an x-ray mammography system.

2. The compression assembly as recited in claim 1 in which the at least one spacer comprises at least two spacers and each of the at least two spacers is composed of a different material having x-ray attenuation characteristics equivalent to a known composition of breast tissue.

3. The compression assembly as recited in claim 1 in which a thickness and a material of the rigid plate are chosen such that x-rays transmitted through the rigid plate are hardened sufficient to decrease a dose delivered to the compressed breast.

4. The compression assembly as recited in claim 3 in which the rigid plate is at least about one centimeter thick.

5. The compression assembly as recited in claim 1 in which the at least one spacer has a cross section that is polygonal.

6. The compression assembly as recited in claim 5 in which the cross section is at least one of square, rectangular, and circular.

7. The compression assembly as recited in claim 1 in which the at least one spacer is composed of a material having a known relationship to x-ray attenuation characteristics of breast tissue of a known composition.

8. The compression assembly as recited in claim 7 in which the at least one spacer is composed of a material having a known x-ray attenuation.

9. The compression assembly as recited in claim 8 in which the known attenuation is selected as equivalent to at least one of fat tissue, fibroglandular tissue, and combinations thereof.

10. The compression assembly as recited in claim 1 in which the at least one spacer is composed of a plurality of different materials, each of the plurality of different materials having a known relationship to x-ray attenuation characteristics of breast tissue of a known composition.

11. The compression assembly as recited in claim 10 in which the at least one spacer is composed of a plurality of materials, each of the plurality of materials having a known x-ray attenuation.