Systems and methods for detecting nitric oxide

• US 10,078,054 B2
• Filed: 05/07/2015
• Issued: 09/18/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 05/08/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: AOBiome LLC (AOBiome Therapeutics, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: AOBiome LLC (AOBiome Therapeutics, Inc.)
• Inventors: Heywood, James, Whitlock, David R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wecker, Jennifer
• Application Number:
  US15/309,563
• Publication Number:
  US 20170184507A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,230 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/022 sampling for security purposes, e.g. contraband, warfare agents
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2001/028 Sampling from a surface, swabbing, vaporising
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/7759 Dipstick; Test strip
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/293 with colour charts, graduated scales or turrets
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/78 producing a change of colour
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/783 for analysing gases
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/84 Systems specially adapted for particular applications
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 25/00 Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means G01N3/00 - G01N23/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 31/22 using chemical indicators G01N31/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 31/227 for nitrates or nitrites
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0057 for warfare agents or explosives properties of explosives G01N33/227
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/22 Fuels, explosives liquid hydrocarbons G01N33/28
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/227 Explosives, e.g. combustive properties thereof detecting explosives in air G01N33/0057
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 999/99 dummy group

Abstract

A system and method is provided for detection at least one of nitrite (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and other nitrogen oxides (NO_x) on a substrate, such as skin. According to one aspect, a diagnostic device for measuring a concentration of at least one of nitrite (NO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), and other nitrogen oxides (NO_x) on a substrate comprises a patch comprising at least one chemical compound capable of reacting with the at least one of nitrite, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, and other nitrogen oxides to provide an indicator.

Claims

1. A diagnostic device for measuring a concentration of at least one of nitrite (NO₂⁻

), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitric oxide (NO), and other nitrogen oxides (NO_x) on a skin surface, the diagnostic device comprising;

a patch comprising;

at least one chemical compound capable of reacting with the at least one of nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and other nitrogen oxides to provide an indicator,

a hydrophobic microporous membrane on a first surface of the patch configured to block liquid flow and capable of allowing gas to diffuse and react with the at least one chemical compound, and

a component comprising an adhesive adjacent to the hydrophobic microporous membrane on the first surface of the patch for securing the device to the skin surface.

2. The diagnostic device of claim 1, wherein the indicator is a color.

3. The diagnostic device of claim 2, wherein the intensity of the color correlates to the concentration of at least one of nitrite (NO₂⁻

), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitric oxide (NO), and other nitrogen oxides (NO_x).

4. The diagnostic device of claim 1, further comprising a recording device.

5. The diagnostic device of claim 4, wherein the recording device is a camera, such as a digital camera.

6. The diagnostic device of claim 1, further comprising a transparent layer on a second surface of the patch.

7. The diagnostic device of claim 1, wherein the patch comprises at least one pad which comprises the chemical compound capable of reacting with the at least one of nitrite, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, and other nitrogen oxides to provide an indicator.

8. The diagnostic device of claim 7, wherein the chemical compound is an aromatic primary amine.

9. The diagnostic device of claim 8, wherein the at least one of nitrite, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, and other nitrogen oxides reacts with the aromatic primary amine to provide a diazonium ion.

10. The diagnostic device of claim 9, wherein the device is configured to provide a detection zone, the detection zone comprising a nucleophilic aromatic amine detection reagent capable of reacting with the diazonium ion to form an azo indicator to exhibit a color that is different from a color of the nucleophilic aromatic amine detection reagent.

11. The diagnostic device of claim 7, further comprising at least one channel or barrier from the at least one pad to the skin surface to provide selective control of the concentration of any of nitrite (NO₂⁻

), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitric oxide (NO), and other nitrogen oxides (NOx).

21. The diagnostic device of claim 7, comprising an array of pads.

22. The diagnostic device of claim 21, wherein each pad of the array of pads comprises a different chemical compound or a different concentration of the chemical compound.

23. The diagnostic device of claim 22, further comprising a hydrophilic microporous membrane on the first surface of the patch capable of allowing sweat to absorb and react with the at least one chemical compound.

24. The diagnostic device of claim 7, wherein the chemical compound is a fluorophore or luminophore and the at least one of nitrite, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, and other nitrogen oxides reacts with the fluorophore or luminophore to generate or quench fluorescence or luminescence.

25. The diagnostic device of claim 1, wherein the patch comprises a chemical mixture which changes color upon exposure to the at least one of nitrite, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and other nitrogen oxides.

12. A method for measuring a concentration of at least one of nitrite (NO₂⁻

), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitric oxide (NO), and other nitrogen oxides (NO_x) on a skin surface, the method comprising steps of;

securing to the skin surface a patch comprising at least one chemical compound to react with the at least one of nitrite, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, and other nitrogen oxides and provide an indicator and a hydrophobic microporous membrane configured to block liquid flow and allow gas to diffuse and react with the at least one chemical compound, the patch being secured such that the hydrophobic microporous membrane faces the skin surface;

periodically monitoring the indicator over a predetermined period of time while the patch is secured to the skin surface to provide at least one measurement; and

comparing the at least one measurement to a known value to provide the concentration of the at least one of nitrite (NO₂⁻

), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitric oxide (NO), and other nitrogen oxides (NO_x).

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising recording the indicator with a recording device.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein recording the indicator with a recording device comprises recording the indicator with a camera, such as a digital camera.

15. The method of claim 12, further comprising recording a time-course evolution of any of nitrite (NO₂⁻

), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), nitric oxide (NO), and other nitrogen oxides (NO_x) by taking time-stamped photos.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein providing the indicator comprises providing a color indicator.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising providing the indicator so that the intensity of the color correlates to the concentration of at least one of nitrite (NO₂⁻

), nitrogen dioxide, (NO₂), nitric oxide (NO), and other nitrogen oxides (NO_x).

18. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing the patch with at least one pad which comprises the chemical compound capable of reacting with the at least one of nitrite, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, and other nitrogen oxides to provide an indicator, wherein the chemical compound is an aromatic primary amine.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the indicator is diazonium ion.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising providing the patch with a detection zone, the detection zone comprising a nucleophilic aromatic amine detection reagent capable of reacting with the diazonium ion to form an azo indicator to exhibit a color that is different from a color of the nucleophilic aromatic amine detection reagent.

26. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing the patch with an array of pads, wherein each pad of the array of pads is provided with a different chemical compound or a different concentration of the chemical compound.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising providing the patch with a hydrophilic microporous membrane capable of allowing sweat to absorb and react with the at least one chemical compound.

28. The method of claim 26, further comprising selectively retarding with a channel or barrier the diffusion of at least one of nitrite, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide or nitrogen oxides so different pads exhibit differential color development.