Apparatus and a method for wireless transmission of power between DC voltage sources

• US 10,097,045 B2
• Filed: 01/19/2016
• Issued: 10/09/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 01/19/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Wartsila Norway AS (Wartsila Oyj Abp)
• Original Assignee: Wartsila Norway AS (Wartsila Oyj Abp)
• Inventors: Guidi, Giuseppe
• Primary Examiner(s): DIAO, M BAYE
• Application Number:
  US15/542,942
• Publication Number:
  US 20170373540A1
• Time in Patent Office: 994 Days
• Field of Search: 320108, 307104
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/10 using inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/342 The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging with circuits for polarity protection H02J7/0034
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33507 with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

An apparatus for wireless transmission of power from a DC voltage source to a DC voltage load, includes: one primary coil coupled with one secondary coil, the primary coil and the secondary coil each equipped with at least one capacitor, so that the primary coil resonates at a frequency that at least equal the secondary coil resonant frequency; the resonant coils are mutually moveable; a converter that converts the DC voltage at a primary side to an AC voltage of controllable magnitude and frequency; at least one rectifier at the secondary side converts the AC voltage at the terminals of the secondary coil to a DC voltage at the load on the secondary side; and a control system that regulates the power flow by changing the magnitude and frequency of the AC voltage at the terminals of the primary resonant coil.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless transmission of power from a DC voltage source to a DC voltage load, comprising:

a) a primary coil and a secondary coil, the primary coil and the secondary coil each connected with capacitive devices configured to achieve a common resonance frequency, ω

₀;

b) said primary coil and secondary coil are mutually movable during operation;

c) a DC/AC-converter converting the DC voltage at a primary side to an AC voltage of controllable magnitude and frequency at the primary side;

d) a rectifier at a secondary side converting the AC voltage at terminals of the secondary coil to a DC voltage at the load on the secondary side; and

e) a control system that regulates the power flow between the primary and the secondary coil and automatically adapts to changes in the mechanical positions of the two coils by changing in a coordinated way the magnitude and frequency of the AC voltage at the terminals of the primary coil during operation, wherein

said rectifier is configured for control of the AC voltage amplitude and frequency at the terminals of the secondary coil at the secondary side, and

the apparatus further comprises at least one additional control circuit that calculates the magnitude of the voltage to be enforced at the terminals of the secondary coil at the secondary side.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the primary coil and the secondary coil that are connected with capacitive devices configured to achieve a common resonance frequency, ω

0;

while when the coupling increases off-resonance operation is allowed.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the load at the secondary side has constant-voltage characteristics.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said load with constant-voltage characteristics is a chargeable battery.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, where said DC voltage source is obtained by rectification of the AC mains.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the DC/AC-converter is based on a H-connection of four switching devices that are controlled to generate any value of AC voltage, starting from a given DC-side voltage.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the DC/AC-converter is based on the H-connection of four switching devices that are controlled so as to generate a square-wave voltage of amplitude fixed by the DC-side voltage, and

a DC-DC converter between the input DC-voltage source and the DC-voltage at the DC/AC converter input.

8. A method for wireless transmission of power from a DC voltage source to a DC voltage load, comprising the steps of:

a. loosely coupling a primary coil with a secondary coil,

b. equipping the primary coil and the secondary coil with a series-connected resonant capacitor, so that the primary coil on the primary side resonates at the same frequency, ω

₀ as the secondary coil on the secondary side;

c. arranging said primary coil on the primary side and secondary coil on the secondary side so that mutual movement during operation is possible;

d. providing a DC/AC-converter converting a DC voltage at the primary side to an AC voltage of controllable magnitude and frequency;

e. providing a rectifier that converts the AC voltage at the terminals of the secondary coil at the secondary side to a DC voltage;

f. providing a control system that regulates the power flow between the primary coil and the secondary coil and automatically adapts to changes in the mechanical positions of the primary coil and the secondary coil by changing in a coordinated way the magnitude and frequency of the AC voltage at the terminals of the primary coil;

g. providing a load at the secondary side that has constant-voltage characteristics,

h. configuring said rectifier for independent control of the AC voltage at the terminals of the resonant pickup coil, and

i. providing an additional control circuit that calculates the magnitude of the voltage to be enforced at the terminals of the secondary coil at the secondary side.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein step g further comprises providing said load with constant-voltage characteristics as a chargeable battery.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the control system in step f regulates an excitation frequency to always be equal or higher than the resonant frequency, ω

₀.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the control system regulates an excitation frequency to always be equal or lower than the resonant frequency, ω

₀.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of:

providing the DC/AC-converter based on a H-connection of four switching devices that are controlled to generate any desired value of AC voltage, starting from a given DC-side voltage.

13. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of:

providing the DC/AC-converter based on the H-connection of four switching devices that are controlled to generate a square-wave voltage of amplitude fixed by a DC-side voltage, and a DC-DC converter between the DC-voltage source and the DC-voltage at the DC/AC-converter'"'"'s input.