Power amplifier linearization system and method

• US 10,103,693 B2
• Filed: 09/28/2016
• Issued: 10/16/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Skyworks Solutions Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Skyworks Solutions Incorporated
• Inventors: Zhu, Yu, Klimashov, Oleksiy, Bartle, Dylan C., DiCarlo, Paul T.
• Primary Examiner(s): AKINYEMI, AJIBOLA A
• Application Number:
  US15/278,367
• Publication Number:
  US 20170093347A1
• Time in Patent Office: 748 Days
• Field of Search: 4551271
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0222 by using a signal derived from the input signal
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/32 Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion by negative feedback H03F1/34
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3241 using predistortion circuits H03F1/3211, H03F1/3217 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/102 A non-specified detector of a signal envelope being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/451 the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/195 in integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/213 in integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/24 of transmitter output stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/245 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/0475 with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion H04B1/0483 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/13 of power amplifiers, e.g. gain or non-linearity
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/0408 with power amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/0441 with linearisation using feed-forward

Abstract

Envelope tracking can be employed to reduce power consumption of a power amplifier, but envelope tracking can introduce nonlinearities to a power amplifier. These nonlinearities can manifest themselves as noise at the output of the power amplifier. Embodiments described herein provide techniques for characterizing a parameter indicative of power amplifier noise when envelope tracking is employed. Measurement of this parameter can permit power amplifier designers to decide whether to forgo envelope tracking if a power amplifier is too susceptible to such noise, redesign the power amplifier to improve compatibility with envelope tracking, or to employ distortion compensation circuitry to reduce the noise output by the power amplifier. Counterintuitively, this distortion compensation circuitry may involve increasing the power, such as the envelope tracking power supply. However, increasing the power may be a desirable trade-off for increased linearity.

Claims

1. An envelope tracker characterization method comprising:

providing a first input signal to a power amplifier;

providing a second input signal to an envelope tracker circuit that generates a supply voltage signal for the power amplifier by tracking an envelope of the second input signal;

delaying the second input signal or the supply voltage signal by an adjustable amount of delay;

measuring intermodulation distortion at the output of the power amplifier while adjusting the adjustable amount of delay; and

calculating an intermodulation distortion phase angle based on the measured intermodulation distortion and the amount of delay, the intermodulation distortion phase angle indicative of linearity of the power amplifier.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first input signal is a two-tone signal and the second input signal is a single tone signal.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising comparing the intermodulation distortion phase angle with a threshold to analyze suitability of the power amplifier for use with the envelope tracker.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said delaying the second input signal further includes delaying the second input signal until the intermodulation distortion reaches a first minimum.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising delaying the second input signal to the second delay amount until the intermodulation distortion reaches a second minimum.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said calculating the intermodulation distortion phase angle is further based on halving a phase difference between the first delay amount and the second delay amount.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising calculating a second delay value based on the intermodulation distortion phase angle to use in a distortion compensation circuit with the power amplifier.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising calculating a gain value based on the intermodulation distortion phase angle to use as a distortion compensation circuit with the power amplifier.

9. An apparatus comprising:

a power amplifier having a signal input path and a power input path;

an envelope tracker configured to provide a power supply voltage to the power amplifier through the power input path; and

a distortion compensation circuit disposed in the signal input path of the power amplifier, the distortion circuit including a delay circuit having a delay value based on an intermodulation phase angle, the delay circuit configured to compensate for intermodulation distortion associated with the intermodulation phase angle, the intermodulation distortion due to the power amplifier mixing the power supply voltage with an input to the power amplifier.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the distortion compensation circuit further includes a gain circuit configured to amplify the power supply voltage.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a second distortion compensation circuit including a gain circuit configured to amplify the input to the power amplifier.

12. A wireless device comprising:

a transceiver configured to generate a radio frequency signal and an envelope of the radio frequency signal;

a power amplifier configured to amplify the radio frequency signal;

an envelope tracker configured to generate a power supply voltage based on the envelope signal and provide the power supply voltage to the power amplifier; and

a distortion compensation circuit including a delay circuit having a delay value based on an intermodulation phase angle, the delay circuit configured to compensate for intermodulation distortion associated with the intermodulation phase angle, the intermodulation distortion due to the power amplifier mixing the power supply voltage with the radio frequency signal.

13. The wireless device of claim 12 wherein the distortion compensation circuit further includes a gain circuit configured to amplify the power supply voltage.

14. The wireless device of claim 12 wherein the distortion compensation circuit further includes a gain circuit configured to amplify the radio frequency signal.