Interstitial fluid sampling above microneedle array
First Claim
1. A system comprising:
- a plurality of nanosensors, wherein each nanosensor comprises a nanoparticle and an analyte-selective agent that selectively interacts with an analyte present in interstitial fluid, wherein the analyte-selective agent is disposed on a surface of the nanoparticle or within an interior of the nanoparticle, and wherein each nanosensor has an optical property that changes in response to interaction with the analyte;
a detector;
a plurality of microneedles, wherein each microneedle comprises (i) a first end shaped to penetrate skin, (ii) a second end opposite the first end, and (iii) a channel that extends from a first opening proximate the first end to a second opening proximate the second end such that interstitial fluid is received into the channel via the first opening when the microneedle penetrates the skin, and wherein the nanosensors are disposed relative to the microneedles such that the microneedles direct the received interstitial fluid to the nanosensors via the channels; and
a controller operably coupled to the detector, wherein the controller comprises a processor and data storage that stores program instructions, wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to perform controller operations comprising;
operating the detector to detect the optical property of the nanosensors; and
detecting the analyte in the received interstitial fluid based on the detected optical property of the nanosensors,wherein the analyte is an ion; and
wherein each nanosensor comprises;
an ionophore, wherein the ionophore selectively interacts with the ion;
a linking agent, wherein the linking agent changes a local pH in response to the ionophore selectively interacting with the ion; and
a fluorophore, wherein the fluorophore is a pH-sensitive fluorophore having a fluorescent property that is dependent upon the local pH.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Devices are provided that include a plurality of microneedles that penetrate skin and that receive interstitial fluid from the skin tissue. The microneedles are further configured to direct the received interstitial fluid to nanosensors configured to change an optical property based on interaction with an analyte in the received interstitial fluid, allowing optical detection of the analyte. Direction of the received interstitial fluid to the nanosensors can be facilitated by a pump configured to control the flow rate of the interstitial fluid through the microneedles. Such devices could be configured to detect the analyte independently or in combination with a reader device configured to be periodically mounted to the devices and to detect the analyte. Further, such devices can include delivery systems configured to transdermally deliver a drug or other substance into or through the skin in response to a detected concentration, presence, or other property of the analyte.
32 Citations
19 Claims
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1. A system comprising:
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a plurality of nanosensors, wherein each nanosensor comprises a nanoparticle and an analyte-selective agent that selectively interacts with an analyte present in interstitial fluid, wherein the analyte-selective agent is disposed on a surface of the nanoparticle or within an interior of the nanoparticle, and wherein each nanosensor has an optical property that changes in response to interaction with the analyte; a detector; a plurality of microneedles, wherein each microneedle comprises (i) a first end shaped to penetrate skin, (ii) a second end opposite the first end, and (iii) a channel that extends from a first opening proximate the first end to a second opening proximate the second end such that interstitial fluid is received into the channel via the first opening when the microneedle penetrates the skin, and wherein the nanosensors are disposed relative to the microneedles such that the microneedles direct the received interstitial fluid to the nanosensors via the channels; and a controller operably coupled to the detector, wherein the controller comprises a processor and data storage that stores program instructions, wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to perform controller operations comprising; operating the detector to detect the optical property of the nanosensors; and detecting the analyte in the received interstitial fluid based on the detected optical property of the nanosensors, wherein the analyte is an ion; and wherein each nanosensor comprises; an ionophore, wherein the ionophore selectively interacts with the ion; a linking agent, wherein the linking agent changes a local pH in response to the ionophore selectively interacting with the ion; and a fluorophore, wherein the fluorophore is a pH-sensitive fluorophore having a fluorescent property that is dependent upon the local pH. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A method comprising:
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penetrating skin with a plurality of microneedles, wherein each microneedle comprises (i) a first end configured to penetrate the skin, (ii) a second end opposite the first end, and (iii) a channel that extends from a first opening proximate the first end to a second opening proximate the second end; receiving interstitial fluid into the channels of the microneedles via the first openings of the microneedles; directing the received interstitial fluid to a plurality of nanosensors via the channels of the microneedles, wherein each nanosensor comprises a nanoparticle and an analyte-selective agent that selectively interacts with an analyte present in the interstitial fluid, wherein the analyte-selective agent is disposed on a surface of the nanoparticle or within an interior of the nanoparticle, and wherein each nanosensor has an optical property that changes in response to interaction with the analyte; operating a detector to detect the optical property of the nanosensors; and detecting the analyte in the received interstitial fluid based on the detected optical property of the nanosensors, wherein the analyte is an ion; and wherein each nanosensor comprises; an ionophore, wherein the ionophore selectively interacts with the ion; a linking agent, wherein the linking agent changes a local pH in response to the ionophore selectively interacting with the ion; and a fluorophore, wherein the fluorophore is a pH-sensitive fluorophore having a fluorescent property that is dependent upon the local pH. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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Specification