Method and apparatus for resilient vector quantization

• US 10,109,287 B2
• Filed: 10/30/2012
• Issued: 10/23/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 10/30/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Vasilache, Adriana, Laaksonen, Lasse Juhani, Ramo, Anssi Sakari
• Primary Examiner(s): Shah, Bharatkumar S
• Application Number:
  US14/439,132
• Publication Number:
  US 20150287418A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,184 Days
• Field of Search: 704230
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/005 Correction of errors induced by the transmission channel, if related to the coding algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/038 Vector quantisation, e.g. TwinVQ audio
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/07 Line spectrum pair [LSP] vocoders
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/22 Mode decision, i.e. based on audio signal content versus external parameters
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2019/0001 Codebooks
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2019/0016 Codebook for LPC parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 7/3082 Vector coding for television signals, see H04N19/94

Abstract

It is inter alia disclosed to quantize a vector of a plurality of coefficients using a predictive mode of operation of a vector quantizer, wherein the vector quantizer can operate in either a predictive mode of operation or a non-predictive mode of operation, determine a vector of a plurality of recovered coefficients; compare the vector of the plurality of coefficients to the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients; and determine the mode of operation of the vector quantizer for a vector of a plurality of coefficients associated with a subsequent frame of audio samples, wherein the mode of operation is dependent on the comparison.

Claims

1. A method for encoding an audio signal comprising:

quantising a vector of a plurality of coefficients using a predictive mode of operation of a vector quantiser, wherein the vector quantiser can operate in either a predictive mode of operation or a non-predictive mode of operation, and wherein the plurality of coefficients are associated with a current frame of audio samples of the audio signal;

determining a vector of a plurality of recovered coefficients for the current frame of audio samples, wherein the plurality of recovered coefficients correspond to the vector of the plurality of coefficients when the vector of the plurality of coefficients is subjected to a frame erasure event, wherein the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients is generated by at least part of a frame error concealment process, and wherein the least part of the frame error concealment process is equivalent to at least part of a frame error concealment process at a decoder arranged to de-quantise the vector of the plurality of coefficients;

comparing the vector of the plurality of coefficients to the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients generated by the at least part of the frame error concealment process; and

using a result of the comparison of the vector of the plurality of coefficients to the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients to determine the mode of operation of the vector quantizer for a frame of audio samples subsequent to the current frame of audio samples.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein comparing the vector of the plurality of coefficients to the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients comprises:

determining a distortion measure between the vector of the plurality of coefficients and the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients; and

comparing the determined distortion measure to a pre-determined threshold value.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the current frame of audio samples is encoded according to a selected one of a plurality of coding modes, and wherein determining the mode of operation of the vector quantiser dependent on the comparison comprises:

determining the mode of operation of the vector quantiser dependent on the comparison and the selected one of the plurality of coding modes.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distortion measure is a Euclidean distance between the vector of the plurality of coefficients and the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distortion measure is a L1-norm distance between the vector of the plurality of coefficients and the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vector of the plurality of coefficients is a vector of a plurality of coefficients representative of a plurality of spectral coefficients of the frame of audio samples.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein vector of the plurality of coefficients representative of the plurality of spectral coefficients of the frame of audio samples is a vector of a plurality of line spectral frequencies.

8. An apparatus for encoding an audio signal comprising at least one processor and at least one memory including computer code for one or more programs, the at least one memory and the computer code configured with the at least one processor to cause the apparatus at least to:

quantise a vector of a plurality of coefficients using a predictive mode of operation of a vector quantiser, wherein the vector quantiser can operate in either a predictive mode of operation or a non-predictive mode of operation, and wherein the plurality of coefficients are associated with a current frame of audio samples of the audio signal;

determine a vector of a plurality of recovered coefficients for the current frame of audio samples, wherein the plurality of recovered coefficients correspond to the vector of the plurality of coefficients when the vector of the plurality of coefficients is subjected to a frame erasure event, wherein the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients is generated by at least part of a frame error concealment process, and wherein the least part of the frame error concealment process is equivalent to at least part of a frame error concealment process at a decoder arranged to de-quantise the vector of the plurality of coefficients;

compare the vector of the plurality of coefficients to the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients generated by the at least part of the frame error concealment process; and

using a result of the comparison of the vector of the plurality of coefficients to the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients to determine the mode of operation of the vector quantizer for a frame of audio samples subsequent to the current frame of audio samples.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the at least one memory and the computer code configured with the at least one processor configured to cause the apparatus at least to compare the vector of the plurality of coefficients to the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients is further configured to cause the apparatus at least to:

determine a distortion measure between the vector of the plurality of coefficients and the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients; and

compare the determined distortion measure to a pre-determined threshold value.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the current frame of audio samples is encoded according to a selected one of a plurality of coding modes, and wherein the at least one memory and the computer code configured with the at least one processor configured to cause the apparatus at least to determine the mode of operation of the vector quantiser dependent on the comparison is configured to cause the apparatus at least to:

determine the mode of operation of the vector quantiser dependent on the comparison and the selected one of the plurality of coding modes.

11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the distortion measure is a Euclidean distance between the vector of the plurality of coefficients and the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients.

12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the distortion measure is a L1-norm distance between the vector of the plurality of coefficients and the vector of the plurality of recovered coefficients.

13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the vector of the plurality of coefficients is a vector of a plurality of coefficients representative of a plurality of spectral coefficients of the frame of audio samples.

14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the vector of the plurality of coefficients representative of the plurality of spectral coefficients of the frame of audio samples is a vector of a plurality of line spectral frequencies.