Implantable medical devices with low volume batteries, and systems

• US 10,124,179 B2
• Filed: 10/18/2016
• Issued: 11/13/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 01/24/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Norton, John D., Schmidt, Craig L., Eberman, Kevin Wilmot, Heyn, Lawrence Robert
• Primary Examiner(s): VOORHEES, CATHERINE M
• Application Number:
  US15/296,791
• Publication Number:
  US 20170036031A1
• Time in Patent Office: 756 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/363 Detecting tachycardia or bradycardia
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/362 Heart stimulators heart defibrillators A61N1/39
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/378 Electrical supply
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3787 from an external energy source
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3956 Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/39622 Pacing therapy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3975 Power supply A61N1/378 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/052 Li-accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4264 with capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/00 Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/021 Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/027 Negative electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/028 Positive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/30 Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/06 Electrodes for primary cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/133 Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/134 Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/364 as mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/38 of elements or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/382 : Lithium H01M4/405 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 : of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/502 : for non-aqueous cells H01M4/505 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/54 : of silver
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/582 : Halogenides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/587 : for inserting or intercalating light metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/622 : being polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/625 : Carbon or graphite
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/14 : Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/16 : with organic electrolyte H01M6/18 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/40 : Printed batteries , e.g. thin film batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49115 : including coating or impregnating

Abstract

Implantable medical devices, implantable medical device systems that include such implantable medical devices, and implantable medical device batteries, as well as methods of making. Such devices can include a battery of relatively small volume but of relatively high power (reported as therapeutic power) and relatively high capacity (reported as capacity density).

Claims

1. An implantable medical device comprising:

control electronics for delivering therapy and/or monitoring physiological signals, the control electronics comprising;

a processor; and

memory; and

an implantable medical device battery operably connected to the control electronics to deliver power to the control electronics;

the battery comprising;

an anode comprising lithium;

a cathode having a total overall thickness of 0.004 inch to 0.014 inch uniform along its length with a tolerance of no more than ±

0.003 inch;

a separator between the anode and the cathode; and

an electrolyte contacting the anode, the cathode, and the separator;

wherein the cathode comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide;

wherein the battery has a therapeutic power of at least 0.11 W for every joule of therapeutic energy delivered over the useful life of the battery, and a therapeutic capacity density of at least 0.08 Ah/cm³.

2. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide and carbon monofluoride.

3. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator device comprising:

control electronics for delivering therapy and/or monitoring physiological signals, the control electronics comprising;

a processor;

memory;

a stimulation generator that generates at least one of cardiac pacing pulses, defibrillation shocks, and cardioversion shocks; and

a sensing module for monitoring a patient'"'"'s heart rhythm;

one or more defibrillator capacitors; and

an implantable medical device battery operably connected to the control electronics to deliver power to the control electronics, and operably connected to the capacitors to charge the capacitors;

the battery comprising;

an anode comprising lithium;

a cathode having a total overall thickness of 0.004 inch to 0.014 inch uniform along its length with a tolerance of no more than ±

0.003 inch;

a separator between the anode and the cathode; and

an electrolyte contacting the anode, the cathode, and the separator;

wherein the cathode comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide;

wherein the battery has a therapeutic power of at least 0.11 W for every joule of therapeutic energy delivered over the useful life of the battery, and a therapeutic capacity density of at least 0.08 Ah/cm³.

4. The implantable device of claim 3, wherein the cathode comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide and carbon monofluoride.

5. The implantable device of claim 3, wherein the cathode comprises MnO₂.

6. The implantable device of claim 5, wherein the battery volume is no greater than 6.0 cm³.

7. The implantable device of claim 3, wherein the therapeutic power of the battery is at least 0.14 W for every joule of therapeutic energy delivered over the useful life of the battery.

8. The implantable device of claim 3, wherein the therapeutic capacity density of the battery is at least 0.10 Ah/cm³.

9. The implantable device of claim 3, wherein the surface area of each of the cathode and anode is at least 60 cm².

10. The implantable device of claim 3, wherein the cathode comprises a silver vanadium oxide.

11. The implantable device of claim 3, wherein the cathode comprises a single current collector.

12. An implantable medical device comprising:

control electronics for delivering therapy and/or monitoring physiological signals, the control electronics comprising;

a processor; and

memory; and

an implantable medical device battery operably connected to the control electronics to deliver power to the control electronics;

the battery comprising;

an anode comprising lithium;

a cathode comprising a single current collector and having a total overall thickness of 0.004 inch to 0.014 inch uniform along its length with a tolerance of no more than ±

0.003 inch;

a separator between the anode and the cathode; and

an electrolyte contacting the anode, the cathode, and the separator;

wherein the cathode further comprises a material comprising a layer on each major surface of the single current collector, wherein the layer comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide;

wherein the battery has a therapeutic power of at least 0.11 W for every joule of therapeutic energy delivered over the useful life of the battery, and a therapeutic capacity density of at least 0.08 Ah/cm³.

13. The implantable device of claim 12, wherein the cathode layer comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide and carbon monofluoride.

14. An implantable medical device system comprising:

an implantable medical device of claim 12; and

components operably attached to the implantable medical device for delivering therapy and/or monitoring physiological signals.

15. An implantable medical device battery comprising:

an anode comprising lithium;

a cathode having a total overall thickness uniform along its length with a tolerance of no more than ±

0.003 inch;

wherein the cathode comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide;

a separator between the anode and the cathode; and

an electrolyte contacting the anode, the cathode, and the separator;

wherein the battery has a therapeutic power of at least 0.11 W for every joule of therapeutic energy delivered over the useful life of the battery, and a therapeutic capacity density of at least 0.08 Ah/cm³.

16. The battery of claim 15, wherein the cathode comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide and carbon monofluoride.

17. The battery of claim 15, wherein the cathode comprises MnO₂.

18. The battery of claim 17, wherein the battery volume no greater than 6.0 cm³.

19. The battery of claim 15, wherein the therapeutic power of the battery is at least 0.14 W for every joule of therapeutic energy delivered over the useful life of the battery.

20. The battery of claim 15, wherein the therapeutic capacity density of the battery is at least 0.10 Ah/cm³.

21. The battery of claim 15, wherein the surface area of each of the cathode and anode is at least 60 cm².

22. The battery of claim 15, wherein the cathode comprises a silver vanadium oxide.

23. The battery of claim 15, wherein the cathode is prepared from a slurry coated onto a current collector.

24. The battery of claim 15, wherein the cathode material comprises a binder comprising styrene-butadiene-rubber.

25. A method of using an implantable cardioverter defibrillator device, the method comprising:

providing an implantable cardioverter defibrillator device comprising;

control electronics for delivering therapy and/or monitoring physiological signals, the control electronics comprising;

a processor;

memory;

a stimulation generator that generates at least one of cardiac pacing pulses, defibrillation shocks, and cardioversion shocks; and

a sensing module for monitoring a patient'"'"'s heart rhythm;

one or more defibrillator capacitors; and

an implantable medical device battery operably connected to the control electronics to deliver power to the control electronics, and operably connected to the capacitors to charge the capacitors;

wherein the battery has a therapeutic capacity density of at least 0.08 Ah/cm³; and

wherein the battery comprises;

an anode comprising lithium;

a cathode having a total overall thickness of 0.004 inch to 0.014 inch uniform along its length with a tolerance of no more than ±

0.003 inch;

a separator between the anode and the cathode; and

an electrolyte contacting the anode, the cathode, and the separator;

wherein the cathode comprises a mixture of active materials comprising a metal oxide;

activating the battery to provide a therapeutic power of at least 0.11 W for every joule of therapeutic energy delivered over the useful life of the battery.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the cathode comprises MnO₂.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the battery volume is no greater than 6.0 cm³.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein the therapeutic power of the battery is at least 0.14 W for every joule of therapeutic energy delivered over the useful life of the battery.

29. The method of claim 25, wherein the therapeutic capacity density of the battery is at least 0.10 Ah/cm³.

30. The method of claim 25, wherein the surface area of each of the cathode and anode is at least 60 cm².

31. The method of claim 25, wherein the cathode comprises a silver vanadium oxide.