Operating a wireless power transfer system at multiple frequencies

• US 10,135,303 B2
• Filed: 05/19/2014
• Issued: 11/20/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 05/19/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Moyer, Todd K., Terlizzi, Jeffrey J., Alves, Jeffrey M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Fleming, Fritz M
• Application Number:
  US14/281,812
• Publication Number:
  US 20150333530A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,646 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 5/00 Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks H02J3/36 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/02 for charging batteries from ac mains by converters

Abstract

A transmitter device in an inductive energy transfer system includes a first transmitter coil operatively connected to a first resonant circuitry. A receiver device includes a first receiver coil operatively connected to a first resonant circuitry. The first transmitter coil and the first receiver coil form a first transformer. The transmitter device, the receiver device, or both the transmitter and receiver devices can also include an auxiliary coil or inductor, which may form an auxiliary transformer. Energy can be transferred from the transmitter device to the receiver device using the first transformer or the auxiliary transformer. The transfer of energy may be adaptively adjusted based on the efficiency of the energy transfer. For example, the transfer of energy can be adjusted based on the operating conditions of the load.

Claims

1. A receiver device operable in a power transfer mode and a low energy transfer mode in an inductive energy transfer system, the receiver device comprising:

an AC-to-DC converter;

a load operatively connected to an output of the AC-to-DC converter;

a first receiver coil associated with the power transfer mode;

a first resonant circuitry associated with a first resonant frequency and coupling the first receiver coil and an input of the AC-to-DC converter;

an auxiliary receiver coil associated with the low energy transfer mode;

an auxiliary resonant circuitry coupling the auxiliary receiver coil to the input of the AC-to-DC converter;

wherein the auxiliary resonant circuitry is associated with a second resonant frequency that is different from the first resonant frequency; and

a processing device configured to transition the receiver device to the low energy transfer mode from the power transfer mode upon determining that a current draw of the load has decreased below a threshold.

2. The receiver device as in claim 1, further comprising a switching device operatively connected between the first resonant circuitry and the input of the AC-to-DC converter and operatively connected between the auxiliary resonant circuitry and the input of the AC-to-DC converter.

3. The receiver device as in claim 2, wherein the processing device is operatively connected to the switching device for controlling a state of the switching device.

4. The receiver device as in claim 3, further comprising an auxiliary rectifier operatively connected to the switching device and the load.

5. The receiver device as in claim 1, wherein the load comprises a rechargeable battery.

6. The receiver device as in claim 1, wherein the first resonant circuitry and the auxiliary resonant circuitry each comprise a capacitor.

7. The receiver device as in claim 1, wherein the AC-to-DC converter comprises a diode bridge.

8. The receiver device as in claim 1, wherein the AC-to-DC converter comprises a synchronous rectifier.

9. The receiver device as in claim 1, wherein the second resonant frequency is higher than the first resonant frequency.

10. A transmitter device for use in an inductive energy transfer system, comprising:

a DC-to-AC converter;

a first resonant circuitry associated with a first resonant frequency and a power transfer mode, the first resonant circuitry operatively connected to the DC-to-AC converter;

an auxiliary resonant circuitry associated with a second resonant frequency and a low energy transfer mode, wherein the second resonant frequency is different from the first resonant frequency;

a primary transmitter coil operatively connected to the first resonant circuitry;

an auxiliary transmitter coil operatively connected to the auxiliary resonant circuitry; and

a processing device configured to transition the transmitter device to the low energy transfer mode from the power transfer mode upon determining that a current draw of a receiver device has decreased below a threshold.

11. The transmitter device as in claim 10, further comprising a power supply operatively connected to the DC-to-AC converter.

12. The transmitter device as in claim 10, wherein the second resonant frequency is higher than the first resonant frequency.

13. The transmitter device as in claim 10, wherein the first resonant circuitry and the auxiliary resonant circuitry each comprise a capacitor.

14. The transmitter device as in claim 10, further comprising:

a sense circuitry operatively connected to a load;

wherein

the processing device is operatively connected to the sense circuitry.

15. A method for operating an inductive energy transfer system, comprising:

transferring power from a transmitter device to charge a battery of a receiver device using a first transformer operated in a power transfer mode; and

thereafter, transferring power from the transmitter device to trickle charge the battery of the receiver device using an auxiliary transformer operated in a low energy transfer mode after determining that the battery is charged beyond a threshold.

16. The method as in claim 15, further comprising:

monitoring a load in the receiver device; and

changing to a different transfer mode based on an operating condition of the load.

17. The method as in claim 15, wherein the transmitter device pings the receiver device with the auxiliary transformer.

18. The method as in claim 15, further comprising monitoring transfer efficiency during the power transfer mode and adjusting at least one of a frequency and a signal level to increase the transfer efficiency.

19. The method as in claim 15, wherein the power transfer mode is associated with a first resonant frequency and the low energy transfer mode is associated with a second resonant frequency that is higher than the first resonant frequency.