Control system for electric vehicle charging station and method thereof

• US 10,137,796 B2
• Filed: 10/31/2014
• Issued: 11/27/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/2014
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: ABB Technology AG (ABB Limited)
• Original Assignee: ABB Schweiz AG (ABB Limited)
• Inventors: Huang, Xing, Yu, Rongrong, Chen, Yao, Zelaya De La Parra, Hector
• Primary Examiner(s): Rossoshek, Helen
• Application Number:
  US14/896,170
• Publication Number:
  US 20160167539A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,488 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/63 in response to network capacity
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/10 for monitoring or controlling batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00022 using wireless data transmission
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00034 the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/60 Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/322 the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/38 Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/3225 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/222 : Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/12 : Remote or cooperative charging
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/126 : using wireless data transmission

Abstract

A control system for an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) is provided, the control system comprises: a central controller configured to receive an ancillary service order from a power grid and distribute the ancillary service order to one or more local controllers periodically; and the one or more local controllers configured to control a plurality of electric vehicle supply devices based on the distributed ancillary service order in real time. The method controlling the electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) is also provided.

Claims

1. A control system for an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) including a plurality of electric vehicle supply devices including a first electric vehicle supply device, the plurality of electric vehicle supply devices being structured to charge a plurality of electric vehicles, the control system comprising:

a central controller configured to receive an ancillary service order from a power grid structured to request ancillary service during an ancillary service period, generate a plurality of coordinated ancillary service orders including a first coordinated ancillary service order, and distribute the plurality of coordinated ancillary service orders to a plurality of local controllers including a first local controller;

wherein the plurality of local controllers are each configured to control the plurality of electric vehicle supply devices in real time using the plurality of coordinated ancillary service orders so as to coordinate ancillary service to the power grid during the entire ancillary service period,

wherein each coordinated ancillary service order includes an ancillary service providing time period and a battery charging time period, and

wherein the ancillary service providing time period of the first coordinated ancillary service order includes a first time period during which the first local controller operates the first electric vehicle supply device so as to prepare for future ancillary service by regulating energy in a battery of an electric vehicle and a second time period during which the first local controller operates the first electric vehicle supply device so as to provide ancillary service following the first time period.

2. The control system according to claim 1, wherein the central controller is further configured to evaluate a required energy of batteries in each electric vehicle for charging and an available capacity for ancillary service.

3. The control system according to claim 2, wherein the central controller is further configured to distribute the plurality of ancillary service orders to the plurality of local controllers according to a required energy of batteries in each electric vehicle for charging and the evaluated available capacity value for ancillary service.

4. The control system according to claim 2, wherein the available capacity for ancillary service comprises an available energy of the batteries in each electric vehicle and an available power of each electric vehicle supply device.

5. The control system according to claim 1, wherein the ancillary service providing time period is flexibly configured.

6. The control system according to claim 1, wherein a sequence of the ancillary service providing time and the battery charging time in the first coordinated ancillary service order is flexibly configured.

7. The control system according to claim 6, wherein the battery charging time follows the ancillary service providing time or the battery charging time divides the ancillary service providing time.

8. The control system according to claim 1, wherein the central controller is further configured to set a fixed time used for battery charging in the ancillary service period.

9. The control system according to claim 8, wherein the fixed time is a function of a final energy requirement by customers, a state of charge (SOC) of battery, a maximum power capacity of the electric vehicle supply device, and mathematical statistics of time length for the ancillary service in one ancillary service period.

10. The control system according to claim 1, wherein the central controller is configured to operate the electric vehicle supply devices at a de-rating operation mode by considering a battery capacity based on an operation condition and a battery type.

11. The control system according to claim 10, wherein the operation condition comprises temperature and a life time of battery.

12. The control system according to claim 1, wherein the central controller is configured to use a closed loop control of active and reactive power with an energy storage system (EES) to improve power supply quality which is affected by power fluctuations at a point of common coupling (PCC).

13. The control system according to claim 1, wherein the central controller is located in a substation, or located in a master electric vehicle supply device of the plurality of electric vehicle supply devices, or located in a control room or on a control platform.

14. The control system according to claim 1, wherein the one or more local controllers take demands of customers as inputs, and wherein the demands of customers comprise at least one of:

a willingness to participate in ancillary service, an expected time to stay in the EVCS, and a desired value of energy storage in batteries of the electric vehicles when customers leave.

15. The control system according to claim 1, wherein the central controller is configured to communicate with the plurality of local controllers with different communication protocols.

16. The control system according to claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle supply devices comprise unidirectional electric vehicle supply devices and bidirectional electric vehicle supply devices.

17. A method for controlling an electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) including a plurality of electric vehicle supply devices each structured to charge an electric vehicle, comprising:

receiving an ancillary service order from a power grid structured to request ancillary service during an ancillary service period;

generating a plurality of coordinated ancillary service orders using the received ancillary service order;

distributing the plurality of coordinated ancillary service orders to a plurality of lower level controllers periodically; and

controlling, in real time, a plurality of electric vehicle supply devices, with the plurality of lower level controllers, based on the plurality of coordinated ancillary service orders, so as to coordinate ancillary service during the entire ancillary service period;

wherein each coordinated ancillary service order includes an ancillary service providing time period and battery charging time period; and

wherein the ancillary service providing time period of one coordinated ancillary service order includes a first time period during which the lower level controller that received the one coordinated ancillary service order prepares for ancillary service by regulating energy in a battery of an electric vehicle and a second time period during which the lower level controller provides ancillary service.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising evaluating a required energy of batteries in each electric vehicle for charging and an available capacity value for ancillary service.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein distributing the coordinated ancillary service orders to the plurality of lower level controllers periodically further comprises distributing the plurality of ancillary service orders to the plurality of electric vehicle supply devices according to a required energy of batteries in each electric vehicle for charging and the evaluated available capacity value for ancillary service.

20. The method according to claim 18, wherein the available capacity for ancillary service comprises an available energy of the batteries in each electric vehicle and an available power of each electric vehicle supply device.

21. The method according to claim 17, wherein the ancillary service providing time period is flexibly configured.

22. The method according to claim 17, wherein a sequence of the ancillary service providing time period and the battery charging time period in each coordinated ancillary service order is flexibly configured.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the battery charging time of one coordinated ancillary service order divides the ancillary service providing time.

24. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:

setting a fixed time used for a battery charging in the ancillary service period.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the fixed time is a function of a final energy requirement by customers, a state of charge (SOC) of battery, a maximum power capacity of the electric vehicle supply device, and mathematical statistics of time length for the ancillary service in one ancillary service period.

26. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:

operating the electric vehicle supply devices at a de-rating operation mode by considering a battery capacity based on an operation condition and a battery type.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the operation condition comprises temperature and a life time of battery.

28. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:

using a closed loop control with an energy storage system (EES) to improve power supply quality which is affected by power fluctuations at a point of common coupling (PCC).

29. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:

taking demands of customers as inputs, wherein the demands of customers comprise at least one of;

a willingness to participate in ancillary service, an expected time to stay in the EVCS, and a desired value of energy storage in batteries of the electric vehicles when customers leave.

30. The method according to claim 17, further comprising:

controlling the plurality of electric vehicle supply devices with different communication protocols.

31. The method according to claim 17, wherein the electric vehicle supply devices comprise unidirectional electric vehicle supply devices and bidirectional electric vehicle supply devices.