Using tunable lasers in the design, manufacture, and implementation of integrated optical elements

• US 10,145,675 B2
• Filed: 12/19/2013
• Issued: 12/04/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Original Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Inventors: Perkins, David L.
• Primary Examiner(s): BOLOGNA, DOMINIC JOSEPH
• Application Number:
  US14/408,354
• Publication Number:
  US 20160258741A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,811 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01B 11/0675 using interferometry
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 4/04 Polarimeters using electric detection means G01J4/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/211 Ellipsometry optical thickness measurement G01B11/06
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/39 using tunable lasers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/8422 Investigating thin films, e.g. matrix isolation method
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/1083 using parametric generation
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/13 Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude

Abstract

Disclosed are systems and methods that use a tunable laser during optical thin-film fabrication. One disclosed system includes a tunable laser capable of generating electromagnetic radiation, one or more thin-film devices arranged to receive the electromagnetic radiation, each thin-film device including one or more optical layers deposited on a corresponding substrate and configured to generate optically interacted radiation upon receiving the electromagnetic radiation, and an optical transducer arranged to receive the optically interacted radiation from each of the one or more thin-film devices and configured to generate output signals corresponding to the optically interacted radiation received from each of the one or more thin-film devices.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

a tunable laser capable of generating electromagnetic radiation;

one or more thin-film devices arranged to receive a portion of the electromagnetic radiation, each thin-film device including one or more optical layers deposited on a corresponding substrate and configured to generate optically interacted radiation upon receiving the electromagnetic radiation;

a filter configured to receive another portion of the electromagnetic radiation that is separate from the optically interacted radiation to generate reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation, the reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation comprising an intensity of the another portion of the electromagnetic radiation reduced by a predetermined magnitude by the filter; and

an optical transducer arranged to receive the optically interacted radiation from each of the one or more thin-film devices and configured to generate output signals corresponding to the optically interacted radiation received from each of the one or more thin-film devices and output signals corresponding to the reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a polarizer configured to receive and polarize the electromagnetic radiation.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more thin-film devices are optical thin-films.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the optical thin-films are integrated computational elements.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the tunable laser further comprises an optical parametric oscillator.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more thin-film devices are arranged on an assembly.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the assembly comprises a rotatable structure that, when rotated, moves the one or more thin-film devices in at least one direction in order to expose the one or more thin-film devices to the electromagnetic radiation.

8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a signal processor configured to receive the output signals and determine one or more parameters corresponding to the one or more thin-film devices.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the signal processor includes a machine-readable storage medium that includes at least one model or data set capable of correlating amplitude and phase data of optically interacted radiation to refractive indices, and wherein the signal processor is configured to determine the one or more parameters by comparing the output signals with the at least one model or data set.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the signal processor is further configured to output a resulting output signal indicative of the one or more parameters of the one or more thin-film devices.

11. A method, comprising:

generating electromagnetic radiation from a tunable laser;

receiving a portion of the electromagnetic radiation with one or more thin-film devices, each of the one or more thin-film devices including one or more optical layers deposited on a corresponding substrate;

generating optically interacted radiation from each of the one or more thin-film devices upon receiving the electromagnetic radiation;

receiving another portion of the electromagnetic radiation with a filter;

generating reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation from the filter, the reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation comprising an intensity of the another portion of the electromagnetic radiation reduced by a predetermined magnitude;

receiving the optically interacted radiation and the reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation with an optical transducer; and

generating output signals with the optical transducer corresponding to the optically interacted radiation received from each of the one or more thin-film devices and output signals corresponding to the reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving and polarizing the electromagnetic radiation with a polarizer.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising tuning the electromagnetic radiation with an optical parametric oscillator associated with the tunable laser.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

receiving the output signals with a signal processor communicably coupled to the optical transducer, the signal processor comprising a machine-readable storage medium including at least one model or data set correlating amplitude and phase data of optically interacted radiation to refractive indices;

determining one or more parameters of each thin-film device with the signal processor based on the output signals and the at least one model or data set correlating amplitude and phase data of optically interacted radiation to refractive indices; and

generating resulting output signals from the signal processor corresponding to the one or more parameters.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the one or more parameters of each thin-film device comprises determining an amplitude and a phase of the optically interacted radiation.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the one or more parameters of each thin-film device comprises determining a refractive index of the one or more optical layers by comparing the output signals to the at least one model or data set of the machine-readable storage medium.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the one or more parameters of each thin-film device comprises determining a thickness of the one or more optical layers of the one or more thin-film devices.

18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

scanning a spectrum of wavelengths with the tunable laser and thereby altering the output signals;

receiving the altered output signals correlating to the scanned spectrum with the signal processor; and

storing at least a portion of the altered output signals as one of the one or more models or data sets.

19. A system, comprising:

a tunable laser capable of generating electromagnetic radiation;

a fluid within a flow path and configured to optically interact with a portion of the electromagnetic radiation, thereby generating optically interacted radiation;

a filter configured to reduce the intensity of another portion of the electromagnetic radiation to generate reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation, the reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation comprising an intensity of the another portion of the electromagnetic radiation reduced by a predetermined magnitude;

one or more thin-film devices arranged to receive the optically interacted radiation, each thin-film device including one or more optical layers deposited on a corresponding substrate and configured to generate modified electromagnetic radiation upon optically interacting with the optically interacted radiation; and

an optical transducer arranged to receive the reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation and the modified electromagnetic radiation from each of the one or more thin-film devices and configured to generate corresponding output signals therefrom.

20. A system, comprising:

a tunable laser capable of generating electromagnetic radiation;

a fluid within a flow path and configured to optically interact with the electromagnetic radiation, thereby generating optically interacted radiation;

an optical element configured to interact with the electromagnetic radiation and thereby generate reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation, the reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation comprising an intensity of the electromagnetic radiation reduced by a predetermined magnitude;

an optical transducer arranged to receive at the optically interacted radiation and generate a corresponding first output signal, and further configured to receive the reduced intensity electromagnetic radiation and generate a corresponding second output signal; and

a signal processor configured to receive the first and second output signals from the optical transducer and determine a characteristic of the fluid based on the first and second output signals.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the optical element is an interference filter.