Optical encoder with direction-dependent optical properties having an optically anisotropic region to produce a first and a second light distribution

• US 10,145,711 B2
• Filed: 03/03/2016
• Issued: 12/04/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 03/05/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Boonsom, Paisith P., Isikman, Serhan O., Ruh, Richard, Holenarsipur, Prashanth S., Ely, Colin M., Pickeral, William N., Manjunathaiah, Jairam, Havskjold, David G., Rai, Anant, Spencer, Maegan K., Bhagavat, Milind S.
• Primary Examiner(s): LE, QUE TAN
• Application Number:
  US15/060,069
• Publication Number:
  US 20160258784A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,006 Days
• Field of Search: 25023113, 250239
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/30 the beams of light being detected by photocells
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/347 using displacement encoding scales
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/34715 Scale reading or illumination devices

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an optical encoder for an electronic device. The optical encoder includes a spindle and an encoded pattern disposed around a circumference of the spindle. The encoded pattern may include one or more surface features that create a direction-dependent reflective region.

Claims

1. An optical encoder for an electronic device, the optical encoder comprising:

a spindle configured to rotate about a central axis;

an optical emitter configured to illuminate a portion of the spindle;

an optical detector configured to receive light from the illuminated portion of the spindle; and

an array of contrasting regions formed on an outward-facing surface of the spindle and extending along a length of the spindle, wherein the array of contrasting regions includes a set of optically anisotropic regions interspersed with a set of optically-absorptive regions, wherein

an optically anisotropic region of the set of optically anisotropic regions is configured to;

produce a first light distribution for light that is reflected along a transverse plane that is perpendicular to the central axis of the spindle; and

produce a second light distribution for light that is reflected along a longitudinal plane that passes through the central axis of the spindle, wherein the second light distribution is wider than the first light distribution.

2. The optical encoder of claim 1, wherein the set of optically anisotropic regions is configured to produce a reflected-light distribution that varies in accordance with a direction of reflected light.

3. The optical encoder of claim 1, wherein each optically anisotropic region of the set of optically anisotropic regions is formed from a series of concave-shaped features that at least partially encircles the outward-facing surface of the spindle.

4. The optical encoder of claim 3, wherein the series of concave-shaped features has a depth to radius ratio between a maximum ratio of 13:

1 and a minimum ratio of 7;

1.

5. The optical encoder of claim 3, wherein the series of concave-shaped features is formed as a continuous spiral encircling the outward-facing surface of the spindle.

6. The optical encoder of claim 1, wherein each optically anisotropic region of the set of optically anisotropic regions is formed from a series of convex-shaped features that at least partially encircles the outward-facing surface of the spindle.

7. The optical encoder of claim 1, wherein the set of optically absorptive regions are formed by laser etching the outward-facing surface of the spindle to form a set of flattened regions.

8. The optical encoder of claim 1, wherein the set of optically absorptive regions are formed by depositing an ink on the outward-facing surface of the spindle.

9. The optical encoder of claim 1, wherein the optical detector includes an array of photodiodes that are arranged along the length to the spindle.

10. The optical encoder of claim 1, wherein the optical detector includes an array of photodiodes that are arranged along a direction that is transverse to the length of the spindle.

11. A portable electronic device comprising:

a housing;

a display positioned within an opening of the housing;

a crown positioned on the housing and configured to receive rotational input;

an optical encoder operatively coupled to the crown and configured to measure the rotational input, the optical encoder comprising;

a spindle;

an array of alternating regions formed on and extending along a length of the spindle; and

an optical sensor configured to detect light reflected from the spindle and comprising;

an optical emitter;

an optical detector; and

an optically diffusing member positioned adjacent a face of at least one of the optical emitter or the optical detector and configured to produce a light distribution that is wider in a direction along the length of the spindle.

12. The portable electronic device of claim 11, wherein:

the optically diffusing member is positioned adjacent to a light-emitting face of the optical emitter.

13. The portable electronic device of claim 11, wherein:

the optically diffusing member is positioned adjacent to a light-receiving face of the optical detector.

14. The portable electronic device of claim 11, wherein:

the spindle includes an array of surface features that are configured to;

produce an alternating pattern of light and dark regions to be detected by the optical sensor; and

produce a widened reflected light distribution in a direction along the length of the spindle.

15. The portable electronic device of claim 11, further comprising:

a shaft that is operatively coupled to the crown, wherein the spindle is disposed over a portion of the shaft.

16. The portable electronic device of claim 11, wherein the spindle includes an array of contoured regions that are configured to produce alternating light and dark reflections on the optical sensor.

17. The portable electronic device of claim 11, wherein:

the spindle includes an array of flat facet features that extend at least partially along the length of the spindle; and

the facet features are configured to produce alternating light and dark reflections on the optical sensor.

18. The portable electronic device of claim 11, wherein:

the spindle includes an array of concave features that extend at least partially along the length of the spindle; and

the concave features are configured to produce alternating light and dark reflections on the optical sensor.

19. The portable electronic device of claim 11, wherein the spindle is molded from a polymer material and coated with a reflective metal material.

20. The portable electronic device of claim 11, wherein one or more of the alternating regions are configured to:

produce a first type of reflection having a first beam spread for light along a transverse plane that is perpendicular to a central axis of the spindle; and

produce a second type of reflection having a second beam spread for light along a longitudinal plane that passes through the central axis of the spindle, wherein the second beam spread is wider than the first beam spread.

21. An optical encoder for an electronic device, the optical encoder comprising:

a spindle;

an optical emitter configured to illuminate a portion of the spindle;

an optical detector configured to receive light from the illuminated portion of the spindle; and

an array of features arranged along a length the spindle;

wherein the array of features is configured to;

produce alternating light and dark reflections on the optical detector;

produce a first type of reflection having a first beam spread for light along a transverse plane that is perpendicular to a central axis of the spindle; and

produce a second type of reflection having a second beam spread for light along a longitudinal plane that passes through the central axis of the spindle, wherein the second beam spread is wider than the first beam spread.

22. The portable electronic device of claim 21 wherein, the array of features includes an array of flat facet features that extends at least partially along the length of the spindle.

23. The portable electronic device of claim 21 wherein, the array of features includes an array of concave features that extends at least partially along the length of the spindle.

24. The portable electronic device of claim 21, wherein the spindle is molded from a polymer material and coated with a reflective metal material.