Wrist-detection algorithm

• US 10,145,980 B2
• Filed: 09/13/2017
• Issued: 12/04/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 05/18/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Aloe, Robert T., Saha, Sankalita, Waydo, Stephen J., Culbert, Daniel J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sohn, Seung C
• Application Number:
  US15/703,889
• Publication Number:
  US 20180003855A1
• Time in Patent Office: 447 Days
• Field of Search: 2502061
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0219 Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/11 Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb for measuring pulse A61B5/02 ;A61B5/1038 takes precedence; motion detection to correct for motion artifacts in physiological signals A61B5/721
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/681 Wristwatch-type devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6844 Monitoring or controlling distance between sensor and tissue
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 8/12 using one transmitter and one receiver

Abstract

Algorithms for detecting whether a device is properly secured to a user'"'"'s skin are described. The operation of a device, such as a wearable device, can be adjusted based on whether the device is properly secured to a user'"'"'s skin (e.g., on-wrist) or not properly secured to the user'"'"'s skin (e.g., off-wrist). For example, certain functions can be disabled for power-saving, security or other purposes if the device is off-wrist. In order to avoid falsely identifying the device as off-wrist or on-wrist, algorithms for detecting whether the device is on-wrist or off-wrist can calculate one or more variances based on signals measured by a light sensor and compare the one or more variances with one or more thresholds. Comparing the one or more variances to the one or more threshold can improve the accuracy of wrist-detection algorithms.

Claims

1. A device comprising:

a sensor comprising a light emitter and a light detector configured to generate signal samples, wherein each signal sample includes a first signal generated when the light emitter is on and a second signal generated when the light emitter is off; and

processing circuitry coupled to the sensor capable of;

performing one or more variance calculations for each signal sample, the one or more variance calculations for each signal sample indicative of a first condition or a second condition;

in accordance with a threshold number of signal samples within a threshold period of time indicating the first condition, determining that the device is not secured to an object; and

in accordance with fewer than the threshold number of signal samples within the threshold period of time indicating the first condition, determining that the device is secured to the object.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more variance calculations comprises a first variance calculation of a variance of a difference between the first signal and the second signal of the signal sample.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the one or more variance calculations for each signal sample indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation is below a first variance threshold and indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold.

4. The device of claim 2, wherein the one or more variance calculations comprises a second variance calculation of a difference between a variance of the first signal of the signal sample and a variance of the second signal of the signal sample.

5. The device of claim 4, wherein the one or more variance calculations for each signal sample:

indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation is below a first variance threshold;

indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold, the first variance calculation is below a second variance threshold, and the second variance calculation is below a third variance threshold;

indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold and the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the second variance threshold; and

indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold, the first variance calculation is below the second variance threshold, and the second variance calculation meets or exceeds the third variance threshold.

6. The device of claim 4, wherein the one or more variance calculations for each signal sample:

indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation is below a first variance threshold and the first variance calculation is below a third variance threshold;

indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation is below the first variance threshold, the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the third variance threshold, and the second variance calculation is below a fourth variance threshold;

indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold and the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the second variance threshold; and

indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation is below the first variance threshold, the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the third variance threshold, and the second variance calculation meets or exceeds the fourth variance threshold.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the first condition corresponds to a prediction that the device is not secured to the object and wherein the second condition corresponds to a prediction that the device is secured to the object.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the threshold number of signal samples is equal to a number of signal samples generated within the threshold period of time.

9. A method comprising:

generating a plurality of signal samples, wherein each signal sample includes a first signal generated when a light emitter is on and a second signal generated when the light emitter is off;

performing one or more variance calculations for each signal sample, the one or more variance calculations for each signal sample indicative of a first condition or a second condition;

in accordance with a threshold number of signal samples within a threshold period of time indicating the first condition, determining that a device is not secured to an object; and

in accordance with fewer than the threshold number of signal samples within the threshold period of time indicating the first condition, determining that the device is secured to the object.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more variance calculations comprises a first variance calculation of a variance of a difference between the first signal and the second signal of the signal sample.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more variance calculations for each signal sample indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation is below a first variance threshold and indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more variance calculations comprises a second variance calculation of a difference between a variance of the first signal of the signal sample and a variance of the second signal of the signal sample.

13. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, the computer readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by an electronic device including a processor and a sensor comprising a light emitter and a light detector, performs a method comprising:

generating a plurality of signal samples, wherein each signal sample includes a first signal generated when the light emitter is on and a second signal generated when the light emitter is off;

performing one or more variance calculations for each signal sample, the one or more variance calculations for each signal sample indicative of a first condition or a second condition;

in accordance with a threshold number of signal samples within a threshold period of time indicating the first condition, determining that the device is not secured to an object; and

in accordance with fewer than the threshold number of signal samples within the threshold period of time indicating the first condition, determining that the device is secured to the object.

14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the one or more variance calculations comprises a first variance calculation of a variance of a difference between the first signal and the second signal of the signal sample.

15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the one or more variance calculations for each signal sample indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation is below a first variance threshold and indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold.

16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the one or more variance calculations comprises a second variance calculation of a difference between a variance of the first signal of the signal sample and a variance of the second signal of the signal sample.

17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the one or more variance calculations for each signal sample:

indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation is below a first variance threshold;

indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold, the first variance calculation is below a second variance threshold, and the second variance calculation is below a third variance threshold;

indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold and the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the second variance threshold; and

indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold, the first variance calculation is below the second variance threshold, and the second variance calculation meets or exceeds the third variance threshold.

18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the one or more variance calculations for each signal sample:

indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation is below a first variance threshold and the first variance calculation is below a third variance threshold;

indicate the first condition when the first variance calculation is below the first variance threshold, the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the third variance threshold, and the second variance calculation is below a fourth variance threshold;

indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the first variance threshold and the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the second variance threshold; and

indicate the second condition when the first variance calculation is below the first variance threshold, the first variance calculation meets or exceeds the third variance threshold, and the second variance calculation meets or exceeds the fourth variance threshold.

19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the first condition corresponds to a prediction that the device is not secured to the object and wherein the second condition corresponds to a prediction that the device is secured to the object.

20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the threshold number of signal samples is equal to a number of signal samples generated within the threshold period of time.