Inter coupling of microinverters
First Claim
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1. A DC to AC inverter arrangement for converting Direct Current (DC) power from photovoltaic sub-arrays to Alternating Current (AC) power of a desired AC output voltage or current at output terminals and having a sinusoidal waveform of a desired frequency comprising:
- a number of substantially identical microinverters combined in the same mechanical housing, each microinverter being configured to be powered from a respective photovoltaic sub-array via a positive and a negative DC input terminal, and configured so that the positive and negative input terminals from each sub-array get connected through a common mode filter comprising a common-mode choke to the positive and negative terminals of an associated smoothing capacitor, the positive and negative terminals of the smoothing capacitor also being connected to the positive and negative inputs of an associated H-bridge configuration of switching transistors, at least one output of each H-bridge being connected through a low pass filter to attenuate switching frequency components and to obtain a corresponding filtered H-bridge output across the microinverter output terminals, wherein one output terminal of at least a first microinverter is connected to a first output terminal of the inverter and one output terminal of at least a second microinverter is connected to a second output terminal of the inverter, and wherein the other output terminals of the microinverters are connected in parallel, series, or series parallel configuration;
a common switching controller configured to control the switching of each H-bridge in each of said microinverters to connect a first output terminal of each H-bridge via an appropriate switching transistor of the H-bridge alternately at said desired AC output frequency to the positive and the negative H-bridge inputs from the respective terminals of said associated smoothing capacitor while controlling a second output of each H-bridge to connect via another appropriate switching transistor of the H-bridge alternately to the same or opposite polarity H-bridge input at a high switching frequency with a duty factor chosen so as to provide an effective mean value equal to a point on said sinusoidal waveform;
wherein the outputs of said microinverters are combined at the inverter outputs to provide said desired voltage or current having said sinusoidal waveform; and
wherein said common mode choke is a multifilar common mode choke having 2M mutually insulated parallel windings, each pair of windings being used to connect the positive and negative terminals of a sub-array to the associated microinverter'"'"'s smoothing capacitor and H-bridge, thereby sharing the same common mode choke among a number M of microinverters.
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Abstract
A number of DC-AC microinverters driven by separate photovoltaic sub-arrays are physically combined to use common components such as a common, common-mode choke. Each microinverter is controlled by a common switching controller to produce a portion of the desired output such that ripple on the combined output is minimized, and each microinverter produces a common mode signal on its associated sub-array equal in frequency to the desired AC output frequency.
85 Citations
29 Claims
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1. A DC to AC inverter arrangement for converting Direct Current (DC) power from photovoltaic sub-arrays to Alternating Current (AC) power of a desired AC output voltage or current at output terminals and having a sinusoidal waveform of a desired frequency comprising:
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a number of substantially identical microinverters combined in the same mechanical housing, each microinverter being configured to be powered from a respective photovoltaic sub-array via a positive and a negative DC input terminal, and configured so that the positive and negative input terminals from each sub-array get connected through a common mode filter comprising a common-mode choke to the positive and negative terminals of an associated smoothing capacitor, the positive and negative terminals of the smoothing capacitor also being connected to the positive and negative inputs of an associated H-bridge configuration of switching transistors, at least one output of each H-bridge being connected through a low pass filter to attenuate switching frequency components and to obtain a corresponding filtered H-bridge output across the microinverter output terminals, wherein one output terminal of at least a first microinverter is connected to a first output terminal of the inverter and one output terminal of at least a second microinverter is connected to a second output terminal of the inverter, and wherein the other output terminals of the microinverters are connected in parallel, series, or series parallel configuration; a common switching controller configured to control the switching of each H-bridge in each of said microinverters to connect a first output terminal of each H-bridge via an appropriate switching transistor of the H-bridge alternately at said desired AC output frequency to the positive and the negative H-bridge inputs from the respective terminals of said associated smoothing capacitor while controlling a second output of each H-bridge to connect via another appropriate switching transistor of the H-bridge alternately to the same or opposite polarity H-bridge input at a high switching frequency with a duty factor chosen so as to provide an effective mean value equal to a point on said sinusoidal waveform; wherein the outputs of said microinverters are combined at the inverter outputs to provide said desired voltage or current having said sinusoidal waveform; and wherein said common mode choke is a multifilar common mode choke having 2M mutually insulated parallel windings, each pair of windings being used to connect the positive and negative terminals of a sub-array to the associated microinverter'"'"'s smoothing capacitor and H-bridge, thereby sharing the same common mode choke among a number M of microinverters. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A method of DC to AC conversion for converting Direct Current power from a photovoltaic array to Alternating Current power of a desired AC output voltage or current at output terminals and having a sinusoidal waveform of a desired frequency comprising:
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configuring a number of substantially identical DC to AC converting microinverters each to receive a portion of said Direct Current power from a separate, electrically isolated, sub-array section of said photovoltaic array and each generating a portion of said desired output voltage or current at an associated pair of output terminals; controlling said microinverters with a common controller such that the portion of said desired AC output voltage or current produced by a first subset of said microinverters is in antiphase at corresponding pairs of output terminals with the portion of the desired AC voltage or current produced by a second subset of said microinverters; and combining the outputs of said microinverters in series or parallel or series-parallel such that either their corresponding portions of the said desired AC output voltage add constructively or their corresponding portions of said desired AC output current add constructively or both their voltage and current portions add constructively. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A DC to AC inverter arrangement for converting Direct Current (DC) power from photovoltaic sub-arrays to Alternating Current (AC) power of a desired AC output voltage or current at output terminals and having a sinusoidal waveform of a desired frequency comprising:
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a number of substantially identical microinverters combined in the same mechanical housing, each microinverter being configured to be powered from a respective photovoltaic sub-array via a positive and a negative DC input terminal, and configured so that the positive and negative input terminals from each sub-array get connected through a common mode filter comprising a common-mode choke to the positive and negative terminals of an associated smoothing capacitor, the positive and negative terminals of the smoothing capacitor also being connected to the positive and negative inputs of an associated H-bridge configuration of switching transistors, at least one output of each H-bridge being connected through a low pass filter to attenuate switching frequency components and to obtain a corresponding filtered H-bridge output across the microinverter output terminals, wherein one output terminal of at least a first microinverter is connected to a first output terminal of the inverter and one output terminal of at least a second microinverter is connected to a second output terminal of the inverter, and wherein the other output terminals of the microinverters are connected in parallel, series, or series parallel configuration; a common switching controller configured to control the switching of each H-bridge in each of said microinverters to connect a first output terminal of each H-bridge via an appropriate switching transistor of the H-bridge alternately at said desired AC output frequency to the positive and the negative H-bridge inputs from the respective terminals of said associated smoothing capacitor while controlling a second output of each H-bridge to connect via another appropriate switching transistor of the H-bridge alternately to the same or opposite polarity H-bridge input at a high switching frequency with a duty factor chosen so as to provide an effective mean value equal to a point on said sinusoidal waveform; wherein the outputs of said microinverters are combined at the inverter outputs to provide said desired voltage or current having said sinusoidal waveform; and wherein said common switching controller controls said high frequency switching of each of said microinverter'"'"'s H-bridge'"'"'s second output terminals to the same or opposite polarity H-bridge input using a switching clock phase that is staggered across all microinverters so as to achieve reduction of as many dominant ripple components as possible at said combined output. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29)
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Specification