Detecting and avoiding blood vessels

• US 10,149,650 B1
• Filed: 06/29/2017
• Issued: 12/11/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 07/08/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ViOptix, Inc.
• Original Assignee: ViOptix, Inc.
• Inventors: Lash, Robert E., Mao, Jimmy Jian-min
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Ruth S
• Application Number:
  US15/638,323
• Time in Patent Office: 530 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 1/00013 using optical means
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/3403 Needle locating or guiding means guides for suture needles A61B17/0482; guiding or tracking by nuclear magnetic resonance G01R33/285
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/00 Measuring for diagnostic purposes radiation diagnosis A61B6/00; diagnosis by ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves A61B8/00; Identification of persons
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0084 for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters A61B5/1459 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02416 using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation A61B5/14552 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0261 using optical means, e.g. infrared light
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/065 Determining position of the probe employing exclusively positioning means located on or in the probe, e.g. using position sensors arranged on the probe
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1459 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter A61B5/1464 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/489 Blood vessels
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6847 mounted on an invasive device
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6848 Needles
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 29/00 Dilators with or without means for introducing media, e.g. remedies instruments for performing visual medical inspections of cavities or tubes of the body A61B1/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 29/02 Dilators made of swellable material balloon catheters for angioplasty A61M25/104

Abstract

A method differentiates a blood vessel from a nonvascular tissue during a minimally invasive surgery using a device. A device may be any penetration sensor device, such as a dilator sensor device, a hollow needle sensor device, or a trocar sensor device, which penetrates the skin and subcutaneous layers to reach a target location inside the body. The penetration sensor device includes a sensor probe which can make optical measurements to determine various parameters of the tissue at the tip of the sensor probe. These parameters may include an optical signal level returned from tissue contacting the tip of the sensor probe, an oxygen saturation level of the tissue, a total hemoglobin concentration, a blood flow, and a pulse. Based on these parameters, the presence or absence of a blood vessel at the tip of the penetration sensor device can be determined while the device travels towards the target location for surgery.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a penetration sensor device comprising a tip and a sensor probe, wherein the sensor probe comprises a sensor unit comprising an emitter sensor opening and detector sensor opening;

a signal emitter component, wherein the signal emitter component transmits a first light signal through the emitter sensor opening in a direction ahead of the tip into a tissue;

a signal detector component, wherein the signal detector component receives a second light signal reflected from the tissue ahead of the tip through a detector sensor opening of the penetration sensor device; and

an analysis component, wherein the analysis component determines an indication of presence of a blood vessel ahead of the tip of the penetration sensor device based on information from the first light signal and the second light signal, and identifies the tissue as a blood vessel if the indication for presence of a blood vessel is greater than a threshold, thereby differentiating a blood vessel from a nonvascular tissue inside a patient'"'"'s body cavity during a surgical procedure.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the indication for presence of a blood vessel is determined based on one or combinations of parameters which include a signal level of the second light, a total hemoglobin concentration, an oxygen saturation level, a blood flow, and a pulse.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the penetration sensor device comprises a dilator sensor device.

4. The system of claim 1 comprising:

a notification component, wherein the notification component alerts a user if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that there is a blood vessel at or nearby the tip of the sensor probe.

5. The system of claim 1 comprising:

a notification component, wherein the notification component instructs a user to advance the penetration sensor device towards a target location if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is touching a nonvascular tissue.

6. The system of claim 1 comprising:

a notification component, wherein the notification component instructs a user to reroute the penetration sensor device into a different direction if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is nearby or touching a blood vessel so that the blood vessel is not punctured by the penetration sensor device.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the penetration sensor device comprises at least one of a dilator sensor device, a needle sensor device, or a trocar sensor device.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the penetration sensor device comprises a first optical fiber coupled to the emitter sensor opening and a second optical fiber coupled to the detector sensor opening.

9. The system of claim 1 wherein the emitter sensor opening and detector sensor opening are positioned on the same sensor unit.

10. A system comprising:

a penetration sensor device comprising a tip and a sensor probe, wherein the sensor probe comprises a sensor unit comprising at least one optical fiber; and

electronic circuitry coupled to the sensor unit, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to

transmit a first light signal through the at least one optical fiber in the penetration sensor device comprising the tip, wherein the first light signal is emitted in a direction ahead of the tip into a tissue,

receiving a second light signal reflected from the tissue ahead of the tip through the at least one optical fiber in the penetration sensor device,

determining an indication of presence of a blood vessel ahead of the tip of the penetration sensor device based on information from the first light signal and the second light signal, and

identifying the tissue as a blood vessel if the indication for presence of a blood vessel is greater than a threshold,

whereby the system differentiates a blood vessel from a nonvascular tissue inside a patient'"'"'s body cavity during a surgical procedure.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein the indication for presence of a blood vessel is determined based on one or combinations of parameters which include a signal level of the second light, a total hemoglobin concentration, an oxygen saturation level, a blood flow, and a pulse.

12. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, wherein the notification component alerts a user if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that there is a blood vessel at or nearby the tip of the sensor probe.

13. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, wherein the notification component instructs a user to advance the penetration sensor device towards a target location if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is touching a nonvascular tissue.

14. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, wherein the notification component alerts a user that tissue is a blood vessel when the blood vessel has a diameter greater than about 3 millimeters.

15. The system of claim 10 wherein sensor openings are located on a front face of the tip of the penetration sensor device, and distal ends of the optical fibers are aligned along a longitudinal axis of the penetration sensor device.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein a first set of sensor openings comprise the sensor openings located on the front face of the tip, a first set of optical fibers comprises the optical fibers aligned along the longitudinal axis of the penetration sensor device, the penetration sensor device comprises a second set of optical fibers and a second set of sensor openings on a side wall of the penetration sensor device near the tip of the penetration sensor device, and distal ends of the second set of optical fibers are aligned radially with respect to the penetration sensor device and are inserted into the second set of sensor openings.

17. The system of claim 10 wherein the sensor probe is slidably coupled within a lumen of the penetration sensor device.

18. The system of claim 10 wherein the penetration sensor device comprises a penetration instrument having a tubular body with a lumen along a longitudinal axis of the tubular body, and the sensor probe is coupled to the penetration instrument.

19. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a display, wherein the notification component alerts a user if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that there is a blood vessel at or nearby the tip of the sensor probe.

20. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a display, wherein the notification component instructs a user to advance the penetration sensor device towards a target location if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is touching a nonvascular tissue.

21. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a display, wherein the notification component alerts a user that tissue is a blood vessel when the blood vessel has a diameter greater than about 3 millimeters.

22. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, comprising an indicator light, wherein the notification component alerts a user if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that there is a blood vessel at or nearby the tip of the sensor probe.

23. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, comprising an indicator light, wherein the notification component instructs a user to advance the penetration sensor device towards a target location if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is touching a nonvascular tissue.

24. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, comprising an indicator light, wherein the notification component alerts a user that tissue is a blood vessel when the blood vessel has a diameter greater than about 3 millimeters.

25. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a speaker, wherein the notification component alerts a user if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that there is a blood vessel at or nearby the tip of the sensor probe.

26. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a speaker, wherein the notification component instructs a user to advance the penetration sensor device towards a target location if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is touching a nonvascular tissue.

27. The system of claim 10 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a speaker, wherein the notification component alerts a user that tissue is a blood vessel when the blood vessel has a diameter greater than about 3 millimeters.

28. A system comprising:

a penetration sensor device comprising a tip and a sensor probe, wherein the sensor probe comprises a sensor unit comprising at least one sensor opening; and

electronic circuitry coupled to the sensor unit, wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to

transmitting a first light signal through at least one sensor opening of the penetration sensor device comprising the tip,

receiving a second light signal reflected from the tissue through at least one sensor opening of the penetration sensor device,

determining an indication of presence of a blood vessel near the tip of the penetration sensor device based on information from the first light signal and the second light signal, and

identifying the tissue as a blood vessel if the indication for presence of a blood vessel is greater than a threshold,

wherein the at least one sensor opening is located on a side wall of the penetration sensor device near the tip of the penetration sensor device,

whereby the system differentiates a blood vessel from a nonvascular tissue inside a patient'"'"'s body cavity during a surgical procedure.

29. The system of claim 28 wherein the first light signal is received through a first sensor opening of the at least one sensor opening, the second light signal is received through a second sensor opening of the at least one sensor opening, and the first sensor opening is coupled to a first optical fiber, and the second sensor opening is coupled to a second optical fiber.

30. The system of claim 28 wherein the first light signal is received through a first sensor opening of the at least one sensor opening, the second light signal is received through the first sensor opening of the at least one sensor opening, and the first sensor opening is coupled to a first optical fiber.

31. A system comprising:

a penetration sensor device comprising a tip and a sensor probe, wherein the sensor probe comprises a sensor unit comprising an emitter sensor opening and detector sensor opening;

a signal emitter component, comprising a light emitting diode, wherein the signal emitter component transmits a first light signal through the emitter sensor opening in a direction ahead of the tip into a tissue;

a signal detector component, comprising a photodiode, wherein the signal detector component receives a second light signal reflected from the tissue ahead of the tip through a detector sensor opening of the penetration sensor device; and

an analysis component, comprising a processor, wherein the analysis component determines an indication of presence of a blood vessel ahead of the tip of the penetration sensor device based on information from the first light signal and the second light signal, and identifies the tissue as a blood vessel if the indication for presence of a blood vessel is greater than a threshold, thereby differentiating a blood vessel from a nonvascular tissue inside a patient'"'"'s body cavity during a surgical procedure.

32. The system of claim 31 wherein the indication for presence of a blood vessel is determined based on one or combinations of parameters which include a signal level of the second light, a total hemoglobin concentration, an oxygen saturation level, a blood flow, and a pulse.

33. The system of claim 31 wherein the penetration sensor device comprises a dilator sensor device.

34. The system of claim 31 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a display, wherein the notification component alerts a user if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that there is a blood vessel at or nearby the tip of the sensor probe.

35. The system of claim 31 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a display, wherein the notification component instructs a user to advance the penetration sensor device towards a target location if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is touching a nonvascular tissue.

36. The system of claim 31 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a display, wherein the notification component instructs a user to reroute the penetration sensor device into a different direction if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is nearby or touching a blood vessel so that the blood vessel is not punctured by the penetration sensor device.

37. The system of claim 31 comprising:

a notification component, comprising an indicator light, wherein the notification component alerts a user if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that there is a blood vessel at or nearby the tip of the sensor probe.

38. The system of claim 31 comprising:

a notification component, comprising an indicator light, wherein the notification component instructs a user to advance the penetration sensor device towards a target location if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is touching a nonvascular tissue.

39. The system of claim 31 comprising:

a notification component, comprising an indicator light, wherein the notification component instructs a user to reroute the penetration sensor device into a different direction if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is nearby or touching a blood vessel so that the blood vessel is not punctured by the penetration sensor device.

40. The system of claim 31 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a speaker, wherein the notification component alerts a user if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that there is a blood vessel at or nearby the tip of the sensor probe.

41. The system of claim 31 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a speaker, wherein the notification component instructs a user to advance the penetration sensor device towards a target location if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is touching a nonvascular tissue.

42. The system of claim 31 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a speaker, wherein the notification component instructs a user to reroute the penetration sensor device into a different direction if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is nearby or touching a blood vessel so that the blood vessel is not punctured by the penetration sensor device.

43. The system of claim 31 wherein the penetration sensor device comprises at least one of a dilator sensor device, a needle sensor device, or a trocar sensor device.

44. The system of claim 31 wherein the penetration sensor device comprises a first optical fiber coupled to the emitter sensor opening and a second optical fiber coupled to the detector sensor opening.

45. The system of claim 31 wherein the emitter sensor opening and detector sensor opening are positioned on the same sensor unit.

46. A system comprising:

a penetration sensor device comprising a tip and a sensor probe, wherein the sensor probe comprises a sensor unit comprising an emitter sensor opening and detector sensor opening;

a signal emitter circuit, wherein the signal emitter circuit transmits a first light signal through the emitter sensor opening in a direction ahead of the tip into a tissue;

a signal detector circuit, wherein the signal detector circuit receives a second light signal reflected from the tissue ahead of the tip through a detector sensor opening of the penetration sensor device; and

an analysis circuit, wherein the analysis circuit determines an indication of presence of a blood vessel ahead of the tip of the penetration sensor device based on information from the first light signal and the second light signal, and identifies the tissue as a blood vessel if the indication for presence of a blood vessel is greater than a threshold, thereby differentiating a blood vessel from a nonvascular tissue inside a patient'"'"'s body cavity during a surgical procedure.

47. The system of claim 46 wherein the indication for presence of a blood vessel is determined based on one or combinations of parameters which include a signal level of the second light, a total hemoglobin concentration, an oxygen saturation level, a blood flow, and a pulse.

48. The system of claim 46 wherein the penetration sensor device comprises a dilator sensor device.

49. The system of claim 46 comprising:

a notification component, wherein the notification component alerts a user if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that there is a blood vessel at or nearby the tip of the sensor probe.

50. The system of claim 46 comprising:

a notification component, comprising a display, wherein the notification component instructs a user to advance the penetration sensor device towards a target location if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is touching a nonvascular tissue.

51. The system of claim 46 comprising:

a notification component, wherein the notification component instructs a user to reroute the penetration sensor device into a different direction if the indication for presence of a blood vessel indicates that the tip of the sensor probe is nearby or touching a blood vessel so that the blood vessel is not punctured by the penetration sensor device.

52. The system of claim 46 wherein the penetration sensor device comprises at least one of a dilator sensor device, a needle sensor device, or a trocar sensor device.

53. The system of claim 46 wherein the penetration sensor device comprises a first optical fiber coupled to the emitter sensor opening and a second optical fiber coupled to the detector sensor opening.

54. The system of claim 46 wherein the emitter sensor opening and detector sensor opening are positioned on the same sensor unit.