Three-phase brushless motor state identification

• US 10,158,306 B2
• Filed: 11/02/2017
• Issued: 12/18/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 06/05/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Semiconductor Components Industries LLC (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Semiconductor Components Industries LLC (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Inventors: Kumazawa, Fumio
• Primary Examiner(s): GLASS, ERICK DAVID
• Application Number:
  US15/802,081
• Publication Number:
  US 20180123490A1
• Time in Patent Office: 411 Days
• Field of Search: 31840004
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/182 using back-emf in windings
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/22 in a selected direction of rotation

Abstract

A method for determining the state of a brushless motor having first, second and third phases, in some embodiments, comprises: decoupling said motor from a power source; determining whether said motor is rotating or non-rotating; if the motor is rotating, determining a first phase voltage state relative to a common voltage and a second phase voltage state relative to the common voltage, said first phase and second phase voltage states determined when a third phase voltage is within a predetermined range of said common voltage; and if the first phase voltage state and the second phase voltage state are the same, repeating said determination as to whether the motor is rotating or non-rotating.

Claims

1. A system for determining a state of a motor, comprising:

a motor driving circuit operable to couple to and drive the motor associated with first, second and third phases;

a control circuit coupled to the motor driving circuit;

a first bias circuit coupled at a first input to a first node and coupled at a second input to the control circuit;

a second bias circuit coupled at a first input to the first node and coupled at a second input to the control circuit;

a first comparator coupled at a first input to a second node and coupled at a second input to an output of the first bias circuit; and

a second comparator coupled at a first input to the second node and coupled at a second input to an output of the second bias circuit.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first node is a common node of the first phase, the second phase, and the third phase.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising:

a first switch operable to couple the second node to the first phase based on a first control signal received from the control circuit;

a second switch operable to couple the second node to the second phase; and

a third switch operable to couple the second node to the third phase.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein the control circuit is operable to determine that the motor is rotating when the output of the first comparator and the output of the second comparator are both positive or are both negative.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the control circuit is further operable to determine a voltage of the first phase relative to a common voltage present at the common node when the motor is rotating and a voltage of the third phase is approximately equal to the common voltage.

6. The system of claim 4, wherein the control circuit is further operable to determine a voltage of the second phase relative to a common voltage present at the common node when the motor is rotating and a voltage of the third phase is approximately equal to the common voltage.

7. The system of claim 4, wherein the control circuit is further operable to determine a direction of rotation of the motor when the motor is rotating based on a polarity of at least two of a voltage of the first phase, a voltage of the second phase, or a voltage of the third phase when the voltage of the third phase is approximately equal to a common voltage present at the common node.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein first and second bias voltages associated with the first and second bias circuits have opposing polarities and have absolute values that are less than:

an absolute value of a maximum voltage of the first phase;

an absolute value of a maximum voltage of the second phase; and

an absolute value of a maximum voltage of the third phase.

9. An apparatus for determining a state of a motor, comprising:

a first comparator;

a second comparator; and

a control circuit coupled to the first comparator and the second comparator and operable to;

determine that the motor is rotating when an output of the first comparator and an output of the second comparator are both positive or are both negative;

determine a voltage of a first phase of the motor relative to a common voltage present at a common node of the motor when the motor is rotating and a voltage of a third phase of the motor is approximately equal to the common voltage; and

determine a voltage of a second phase of the motor relative to the common voltage present at the common node when the motor is rotating and a voltage of the third phase of the motor is approximately equal to the common voltage.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a motor driver coupled to the control circuit, wherein the motor driver is operable to couple to the motor to control the motor based on input received from the control circuit.

11. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:

a first bias circuit coupled at a first input to a common node of the motor, at a second input to the control circuit, and at an output to a first input of the first comparator; and

a second bias circuit coupled at a first input to the common node of the motor, at a second input to the control circuit, and at an output to a first input of the second comparator.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein first and second bias voltages associated with the first and second bias circuits have opposing polarities and have absolute values that are less than:

an absolute value of a maximum voltage of the first phase of the motor;

an absolute value of a maximum voltage of the second phase of the motor; and

an absolute value of a maximum voltage of the third phase of the motor.

13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first comparator and the second comparator are each selectively coupled at a second input via switches to one of the first phase of the motor, the second phase of the motor, or the third phase of the motor.

14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the control circuit is further operable to determine a direction of rotation of the motor when the motor is rotating based on a polarity of at least two of the voltage of the first phase of the motor, the voltage of the second phase of the motor, or the voltage of the third phase of the motor when the third phase of the motor is approximately equal to the common voltage.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the control circuit is further operable to determine the motor is rotating in a positive direction when:

the polarity of the voltage of the first phase of the motor is low, the polarity of the voltage of the second phase of the motor is high, and the third phase voltage is rising;

or the polarity of the voltage of the first phase of the motor is high, the polarity of the voltage of the second phase of the motor is low, and the third phase voltage is falling.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the control circuit is further operable to determine the motor is rotating in a reverse direction when:

the polarity of the voltage of the first phase of the motor is high, the polarity of the voltage of the second phase of the motor is low, and the third phase voltage is rising;

or the polarity of the voltage of the first phase of the motor is low, the polarity of the voltage of the second phase of the motor is high, and the third phase voltage is falling.

17. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the control circuit is further operable to determine that the motor is non-rotating when the voltage of the first phase of the motor and the voltage of the second phase of the motor are determined to be the same a predetermined number of times.

18. A system, comprising:

a motor driving circuit operable to couple to and drive a motor associated with first, second and third phases;

a control circuit coupled to and operable to control the motor driving circuit;

a first comparator operable to;

receive a first biased version of a common voltage at one input and a first phase voltage, a second phase voltage, or a third phase voltage at another input; and

provide an output of the first comparator to the control circuit; and

a second comparator operable to;

receive a second biased version of the common voltage at one input and the first phase voltage, the second phase voltage, or the third phase voltage at another input; and

provide an output of the second comparator to the control circuit, wherein, the control circuit is further operable to;

determine that the motor is rotating when the outputs of the first and second comparators are both positive or are both negative;

determine a first phase voltage state relative to the common voltage when the motor is rotating and a third phase voltage is approximately equal to the common voltage; and

determine a second phase voltage state relative to the common voltage when the motor is rotating and the third phase voltage is approximately equal to the common voltage.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the control circuit is operable to repeat the determination of whether the motor is rotating when the first phase and second phase voltage states are the same.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein first and second bias voltages associated with the first and second biased versions of the common voltage have opposing polarities and have absolute values that are less than:

an absolute value of a maximum first phase voltage;

an absolute value of a maximum second phase voltage; and

an absolute value of a maximum third phase voltage.