Distributed amplifier

• US 10,164,579 B2
• Filed: 05/07/2018
• Issued: 12/25/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 03/09/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hittite Microwave, LLC (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Hittite Microwave, LLC (Analog Devices, Inc.)
• Inventors: Benson, Keith
• Primary Examiner(s): Choe, Henry
• Application Number:
  US15/972,693
• Publication Number:
  US 20180254751A1
• Time in Patent Office: 232 Days
• Field of Search: 330286, 330295
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/086 with FET's
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/18 by use of distributed coupling , i.e. distributed amplifiers distributed amplifiers using coupling networks with distributed constants H03F3/605
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/223 with MOSFET's
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/42 Modifications of amplifiers to extend the bandwidth
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/108 A coil being added in the drain circuit of a FET amplifier stage, e.g. for noise reducing purposes
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/144 the feedback circuit of the amplifier stage comprising a passive resistor and passive capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/153 Feedback used to stabilise the amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/267 A capacitor based passive circuit, e.g. filter, being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/423 Amplifier output adaptation especially for transmission line coupling purposes, e.g. impedance adaptation
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/61 the cascode amplifier has more than one common gate stage
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/19 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/193 with field-effect devices H03F3/195 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/607 using FET's

Abstract

A distributed amplifier includes an input transmission circuit, an output transmission circuit, at least one cascode amplifier coupled between said input and output transmission circuits. Each cascode amplifier includes a first common-gate configured transistor coupled to the output transmission circuit, a common-source configured transistor coupled between the input transmission circuit and the common-gate configured transistor, and a second common-gate configured transistor coupled between the first common-gate configured transistor and common-source configured transistor.

Claims

1. A distributed amplifier comprising:

an input transmission line;

an output transmission line; and

a plurality of cascode amplifiers, each coupled between the input transmission line and the output transmission line, wherein a first cascode amplifier of the plurality of cascode amplifiers includes;

three or more field effect transistors (FETs) arranged in a stack, wherein the three or more FETs include a first FET, a second FET, and a third FET, wherein the first FET includes a gate coupled to the input transmission line, the third FET includes a drain coupled to the output transmission line, and the second FET is coupled between the first FET and the third FET in the stack,

a first circuit, coupled to a gate of the third FET, and including a first resistor and a first capacitor electrically connected in series to ground, and

a second circuit, coupled to a gate of the second FET, and including a second resistor and a second capacitor electrically connected in series to ground,

wherein the first FET is configured to generate an amplified signal by amplifying an input signal received at the gate of the first FET from the input transmission line, wherein the first FET is further configured to provide the amplified signal to the output transmission line through the second FET, from a source of the second FET to a drain of the second FET, and through the third FET, from a source of the third FET to the drain of the third FET.

2. The distributed amplifier of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cascode amplifiers further includes second and third cascode amplifiers, each of which includes:

three or more FETs arranged in a stack, wherein the three or more FETs include a first FET, a second FET, and a third FET, wherein the first FET includes a gate coupled to the input transmission line, the third FET includes a drain coupled to the output transmission line, and the second FET is coupled between the first FET and the third FET in the stack,

a first circuit, coupled to a gate of the third FET, and including a first resistor and a first capacitor electrically connected in series to ground, and a first DC bias resistor coupled to the gate of the third FET and configured to receive a DC gate bias voltage, and

a second circuit, coupled to a gate of the second FET, and including a second resistor and a second capacitor electrically connected in series to ground.

3. The distributed amplifier of claim 2, wherein the first circuit of the first cascode amplifier further includes a first DC bias resistor coupled to the gate of the third FET and configured to receive the DC gate bias voltage such that the gate of the third FET of the first cascode amplifier and the gate of the third FET of the second cascode amplifier are commonly biased.

4. The distributed amplifier of claim 1, further comprising a first RC terminating circuit coupled to the input transmission line, and a second RC terminating circuit coupled to the output transmission line.

5. The distributed amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first circuit includes a first DC bias resistor coupled between a first DC voltage input and the gate of the third FET, and wherein the second circuit includes a second DC bias resistor coupled between a second DC voltage input and the gate of the second FET.

6. The distributed amplifier of claim 1, fabricated on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate.

7. The distributed amplifier of claim 1, configured to operate from DC to multiple GHz.

8. The distributed amplifier of claim 1, configured to operate from DC to 6 GHz.

9. The distributed amplifier of claim 1, wherein the first circuit includes a third resistor in parallel to the first resistor and the first capacitor, and the second circuit includes a fourth resistor in parallel to the second resistor and the second capacitor.

10. A distributed amplifier comprising:

an input transmission line;

an output transmission line; and

a cascode amplifier coupled between the input transmission line and the output transmission line, and including;

three or more field effect transistors (FETs) arranged in a stack, wherein the three or more FETs include a first FET, a second FET, and a third FET, wherein the first FET includes a gate coupled to the input transmission line, the third FET includes a drain coupled to the output transmission line, and the second FET is coupled between the first FET and the third FET in the stack,

a first circuit, coupled to a gate of the second FET, and including a first shunt resistor and a first shunt capacitor electrically connected in series to ground, and a first gate resistor in parallel to the first shunt resistor and the first shunt capacitor,

a second circuit, coupled to a gate of the third FET, and including a second shunt resistor and a second shunt capacitor electrically connected in series to ground, and a second gate resistor in parallel to the second shunt resistor and the second shunt capacitor,

wherein the first FET is configured to generate an amplified signal by amplifying an input signal received at the gate of the first FET from the input transmission line, wherein the first FET is further configured to provide the amplified signal to the output transmission line through the second FET, from a source of the second FET to a drain of the second FET, and through the third FET, from a source of the third FET to the drain of the third FET.

11. The distributed amplifier of claim 10, further comprising a first RC terminating circuit coupled to the input transmission line, and a second RC terminating circuit coupled to the output transmission line.

12. The distributed amplifier of claim 10, fabricated on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate.

13. The distributed amplifier of claim 10, configured to operate from DC to multiple GHz.

14. The distributed amplifier of claim 10, configured to operate from DC to 6 GHz.

15. The distributed amplifier of claim 10, wherein the first gate resistor is coupled to a first DC bias voltage, and the second gate resistor is coupled to a second DC bias voltage.

16. The distributed amplifier of claim 10, further comprising an inductor coupled to the output transmission line.

17. A distributed amplifier comprising:

an input transmission line;

an output transmission line;

a first cascode amplifier including;

a first transistor stack including a first FET, a second FET, and a third FET electrically connected in series between the output transmission line and ground, wherein the first FET includes a gate coupled to the input transmission line, the third FET includes a drain coupled to the output transmission line, and the second FET is coupled between the first FET and the third FET in the first transistor stack,

a first circuit, coupled to a gate of the third FET, and including a first shunt resistor and a first shunt capacitor electrically connected in series to ground, and a first DC bias resistor including a first end coupled to the gate of the third FET,

a second circuit, coupled to a gate of the second FET, and including a second shunt resistor and a second shunt capacitor electrically connected in series to ground, and a second DC bias resistor including a first end coupled to the gate of the second FET; and

a second cascode amplifier including;

a second transistor stack including a fourth FET, a fifth FET, and a sixth FET electrically connected in series between the output transmission line and ground, wherein the fourth FET includes a gate coupled to the input transmission line, the sixth FET includes a drain coupled to the output transmission line, and the fifth FET is coupled between the fourth FET and the sixth FET in the second transistor stack,

a third circuit, coupled to a gate of the sixth FET, and including a third shunt resistor and a third shunt capacitor electrically connected in series to ground, and a third DC bias resistor including a first end coupled to a gate of the sixth FET,

a fourth circuit, coupled to a gate of the fifth FET, and including a fourth shunt resistor and a fourth shunt capacitor electrically connected in series to ground; and

a fourth DC bias resistor including a first end coupled to a gate of the fifth FET,

wherein a second end of the first DC bias resistor and a second end of the third DC bias resistor are configured to receive a first DC gate bias voltage such that the gate of third FET and the gate of the sixth FET are commonly biased.

18. The distributed amplifier of claim 17, wherein a second end of the second DC bias resistor and a second end of the fourth DC bias resistor are configured to receive a second DC gate bias voltage such that the gate of second FET and the gate of the fifth FET are commonly biased.

19. The distributed amplifier of claim 17, further comprising a first RC terminating circuit coupled to the input transmission line, and a second RC terminating circuit coupled to the output transmission line.

20. The distributed amplifier of claim 17, further comprising an inductor including a first end configured to receive a power supply voltage and a second end coupled to the output transmission line to thereby bias the drain of the third FET and the drain of the sixth FET.