System for operating a hydrogen storage salt cavern

• US 10,173,840 B2
• Filed: 10/27/2015
• Issued: 01/08/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 05/25/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Praxair Technology Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Original Assignee: Praxair Technology Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Inventors: Oates, Rommel M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lagman, Frederick L
• Application Number:
  US14/924,022
• Publication Number:
  US 20160046443A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,169 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B65G 5/00 Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth
• CPC Class Codes: B65G 5/005 in porous layers
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 1/007 Underground or underwater storage
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2203/0604 Liners
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/012 Hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/0123 gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/036 Very high pressure (>80 bar)
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0157 Compressors
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2260/036 Avoiding leaks
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0152 Salt caverns
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/32 Hydrogen storage

Abstract

A novel system for operating a hydrogen storage cavern is provided. Particularly, the system involves storing high purity hydrogen into a salt cavern without seepage or leakage of the stored hydrogen through the salt cavern walls, by confining the high purity hydrogen gas within the storage cavern under certain pressure conditions.

Claims

1. An underground hydrogen storage cavern formed by solution mining an underground salt formation to form a cavity defined by salt walls characterized by a halite structure having a minimum purity of at least about 75% of sodium chloride, the storage cavern salt walls confining the high purity hydrogen gas within the storage cavern under pressure conditions between 0.2 psi per linear foot of cavern depth and 1.0 psi per linear foot of cavern depth, said cavern exhibiting temperature excursions of less than 4°

F. for pressure losses of less than 1200 psig in the cavern by use of a brine pond reservoir operably connected to the salt cavern by a flow network through which brine from the brine pond reservoir is introduced into the salt cavern, and said brine is returned from the salt cavern to the brine pond reservoir to maintain the pressure conditions of the salt cavern between 0.4 psi per linear foot of cavern depth and 0.8 psi per linear foot of cavern depth.

2. A system for operating a high purity hydrogen cavern comprising:

a salt cavern defined by salt walls characterized by a halite structure having a minimum purity of at least about 75% of sodium chloride and containing a high purity hydrogen product at a pressure of greater than 0.2 psi per linear foot of depth of the cavern and less than 1.0 psi per linear foot of depth of the cavern;

a high purity hydrogen pipeline for transporting the high purity hydrogen product to a customer;

a flow network extending between the high purity hydrogen pipeline and the salt cavern comprising a first leg and a second leg;

the first leg in flow communication with the high purity hydrogen pipeline and the salt cavern and for introducing the high purity hydrogen product from the high purity hydrogen pipeline into the salt cavern;

a compressor positioned in flow communication with the first leg to pressurize the high purity hydrogen product received from the high purity hydrogen pipeline,

the second leg in flow communication with the salt cavern and the high purity hydrogen pipeline for discharging the stored high purity hydrogen product from the salt cavern to the high purity hydrogen pipeline; and

one or more downhole retractable temperature gauges inserted into the salt cavern.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more downhole retractable temperature gauges are utilized to detect leakage of the high purity hydrogen product on the basis of temperature excursions within the salt cavern.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more downhole retractable temperature gauges are placed at different depths within the salt cavern.

5. The system for operating a high purity hydrogen cavern of claim 2, wherein the compressor incorporates a first stage and a second stage in series.

6. The system for operating a high purity hydrogen cavern of claim 5, wherein the compressor has interstage cooling between the first stage and the second stage.

7. The system for operating a high purity hydrogen cavern of claim 2, wherein the first leg is in fluid communication to a transfer well head assembly.

8. The system for operating a high purity hydrogen cavern of claim 2, wherein the first leg is in fluid communication to a flow meter.

9. The system for operating a high purity hydrogen cavern of claim 2, further comprising a third leg in flow communication with the cavern for introducing a fluid into the cavern.

10. The system for operating a high purity hydrogen cavern of claim 9, wherein the third leg is operably connected to a brine pond.

11. The system for operating a high purity hydrogen cavern of claim 2, wherein the one or more downhole retractable temperature gauges exhibit temperature excursions of less than 4°

F. for pressure losses of less than 1200 psig in the cavern.

12. The system for operating a high purity hydrogen cavern of claim 2, wherein the one or more downhole retractable temperature gauges exhibit no discernable temperature excursions.

13. An underground hydrogen storage cavern formed by solution mining an underground salt formation to form a cavity defined by salt walls characterized by a halite structure having a minimum purity of at least about 75% of sodium chloride, the storage cavern salt walls confining the high purity hydrogen gas within the storage cavern under pressure conditions that are maintained between 0.2 psi per linear foot of cavern depth and 1.0 psi per linear foot of cavern depth, said underground hydrogen storage cavern comprising one or more downhole retractable temperature gauges inserted into the salt cavern, said one or more downhole retractable temperature gauges configured to detect leakage exhibiting temperature excursions of less than 4°

F. for pressure losses of less than 1200 psig in the cavern.

14. The cavern of claim 13, wherein the storage cavern is maintained under pressure conditions that are maintained greater than 0.4 psi per linear foot of cavern depth and less than 0.75 psi per linear foot of cavern depth.