Fabric-based devices with force sensing

• US 10,180,721 B2
• Filed: 03/29/2018
• Issued: 01/15/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 06/14/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Hoen, Storrs T., Sunshine, Daniel D., Zimmerman, Aidan N., Podhajny, Daniel A., May, Maurice P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Edmonds, Lisa Lea
• Application Number:
  US15/940,876
• Publication Number:
  US 20180364804A1
• Time in Patent Office: 292 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A41D 1/005 with embedded cable or connector
• CPC Class Codes: A41D 31/02 Layered materials characterised by special function or use A41D31/04
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/021 Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels A61B5/0205 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/024 Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate A61B5/0205, A61B5/021 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0816 Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6806 Gloves
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6843 Monitoring or controlling sensor contact pressure
• CPC Class Codes: D02G 3/441 Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties electroconductive, anti-static or radiation-shielding filaments D01F1/09, D01F1/106; anti-static fabrics D03D15/533; conducting, insulating or anti-static layers for floor coverings D06N7/0042
• CPC Class Codes: D03D 1/0082 Fabrics for printed circuit boards
• CPC Class Codes: D03D 1/0088 Fabrics having an electronic function
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2401/16 antistatic; conductive
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2401/18 including electronic components
• CPC Class Codes: D10B 2501/041 Gloves
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/146 for measuring force distributions, e.g. using force arrays G01L1/148 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/163 Wearable computers, e.g. on a belt
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04102 Flexible digitiser, i.e. constructional details for allowing the whole digitising part of a device to be flexed or rolled like a sheet of paper
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/014 Hand-worn input/output arrangements, e.g. data gloves
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/045 using resistive elements, e.g. a single continuous surface or two parallel surfaces put in contact
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04883 for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text

Abstract

A fabric-based item such as a fabric glove may include force sensing circuitry. The force sensing circuitry may include force sensor elements formed from electrodes on a compressible substrate such as an elastomeric polymer substrate. The fabric may include intertwined strands of material including conductive strands. Signals from the force sensing circuitry may be conveyed to control circuitry in the item using the conductive strands. Wireless circuitry in the fabric-based item may be used to convey force sensor information to external equipment. The compressible substrate may have opposing upper and lower surfaces. Electrodes for the force sensor elements may be formed on the upper and lower surfaces. Stiffeners may overlap the electrodes to help decouple adjacent force sensor elements from each other. Integrated circuits can be attached to respective force sensing elements using adhesive.

Claims

1. Apparatus, comprising:

fabric containing conductive strands of material that form signal paths;

control circuitry coupled to the signal paths; and

a force sensor coupled to the control circuitry, wherein the force sensor has a force sensor element and capacitive force sensor circuitry that is electrically coupled to the force sensor element through the signal paths and wherein the force sensor element includes a compressible substrate and first and second electrodes that are respectively located on first and second opposing surfaces of the compressible substrate.

2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the compressible substrate is an elastomeric polymer layer and wherein the force sensor element further comprises first and second stiffeners respectively on the first and second electrodes.

3. The apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein the elastomeric polymer layer is characterized by a first modulus of elasticity and wherein the stiffeners are characterized by a second modulus of elasticity that is greater than the first modulus of elasticity.

4. The apparatus defined in claim 3 wherein the compressible substrate has an elongated shape and forms a strand of material in the fabric.

5. The apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein the force sensor element comprises one of multiple force sensor elements in an array of force sensor elements on the compressible substrate.

6. The apparatus defined in claim 5 wherein the array is a one-dimensional array formed from a row of the force sensor elements.

7. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the force sensor element comprises metal shielding layers on the compressible substrate.

8. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the force sensor comprises a metal layer on the compressible substrate having serpentine signal lines.

9. A fabric force-sensing glove, comprising:

glove fingers formed from fabric that has intertwined strands;

control circuitry; and

a force sensor coupled to the control circuitry, wherein the force sensor is formed from force sensor elements on an elongated strip-shaped polymer substrate that forms one of the intertwined strands.

10. The fabric force-sensing glove defined in claim 9 wherein the strip-shaped polymer substrate is formed from an elastomeric polymer and wherein the force senor elements extend in a row along the strip-shaped polymer substrate.

11. The fabric force-sensing glove defined in claim 10 wherein each force sensor element includes first and second electrodes and wherein each force sensor element includes a stiffener on the first electrode of that force sensor element.

12. The fabric force-sensing glove defined in claim 11 wherein there are openings in the polymer substrate surrounding the first electrode of each force sensor element.

13. The fabric force-sensing glove defined in claim 12 wherein the control circuitry includes wireless communications circuitry and wherein the control circuitry is configured to gather force sensor measurements from the force sensor and to wirelessly transmit the force sensor measurements with the wireless communications circuitry.

14. The fabric force-sensing glove defined in claim 9 wherein each force sensor element has electrodes on opposing surfaces of the strip-shaped polymer substrate.

15. The fabric force-sensing glove defined in claim 14 wherein each force sensor element has stiffeners on the electrodes.

16. The fabric force-sensing glove defined in claim 15 wherein the polymer substrate is characterized by a first elastic modulus and wherein the stiffeners are characterized by a second elastic modulus that is greater than the first elastic modulus.

17. A fabric-based item, comprising:

fabric formed from intertwined strands of material including conductive strands; and

force sensor circuitry in the fabric that is coupled to the conductive strands, wherein the force sensor circuitry includes integrated circuits containing capacitive force sensor circuitry and includes respective force sensor elements electrically coupled to the integrated circuits, wherein each force sensor element has capacitive force sensor electrodes on an elastomeric substrate that is attached to the integrated circuit.

18. The fabric-based item defined in claim 17 wherein the intertwined strands of material are configured to form glove fingers and wherein the force sensor elements are located on the glove fingers.

19. The fabric-based item defined in claim 18 wherein each force sensor element has a via that passes through the elastomeric substrate of that force sensor element and that shorts one of the capacitive force sensor electrodes of that force sensor element to the integrated circuit that is attached to that elastomeric substrate.

20. The fabric-based item defined in claim 19 wherein the conductive strands include first strands and second strands that cross the first strands at intersections and wherein the integrated circuits are coupled to the conductive strands at the intersections.

21. A fabric-based item, comprising:

fabric formed from intertwined strands of material;

control circuitry; and

a force sensor coupled to the fabric and electrically coupled to the control circuitry, wherein the force sensor has a force sensor element and capacitive force sensor circuitry and wherein the force sensor element includes an elastomeric material, first and second electrodes separated by the elastomeric material, an electrical shield on the elastomeric material, and conductive traces on the elastomeric material that couple the first and second electrodes to the capacitive force sensor circuitry.

22. The fabric-based item defined in claim 21 wherein the electrical shield on the elastomeric material is electrically isolated from the first and second electrodes.

23. The fabric-based item defined in claim 21 wherein the conductive traces include sense and drive lines and wherein the electrical shield overlaps and electrically shields the sense line.

24. The fabric-based item defined in claim 23 wherein the elastomeric material forms a substrate having first and second elastomeric layers, wherein the first electrode is a sense electrode between the first and second elastomeric layers and wherein the second electrode is a drive electrode on the first elastomeric layer and separated from the first electrode by the first elastomeric layer.

25. The fabric-based item defined in claim 24 wherein the electrical shield includes a metal trace separated from the first electrode by the first elastomeric layer.

26. The fabric-based item defined in claim 25 wherein the electrical shield includes an additional metal trace separated from the first electrode by the second elastomeric layer.

27. The fabric-based item defined in claim 21 further comprising additional force sensor elements coupled to the capacitive force sensor circuitry with additional conductive traces on the elastomeric material.

28. The fabric-based item defined in claim 21 further comprising a stiffener on the first electrode.

29. The fabric-based item defined in claim 28 further comprising an additional stiffener on the second electrode.