Current balancing, current sensor, and phase balancing apparatus and method for a voltage regulator

• US 10,184,961 B2
• Filed: 09/26/2016
• Issued: 01/22/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Schrom, Gerhard, Hodgson, J. Keith, Lyakhov, Alexander, Tang, Chiu Keung, Raghuraman, Narayanan, Natarajan, Narayanan
• Primary Examiner(s): Jeanglaude, Jean B
• Application Number:
  US15/276,697
• Publication Number:
  US 20170030947A1
• Time in Patent Office: 848 Days
• Field of Search: 341144, 341145
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/0092 measuring current only all subgroups of G01R19/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/40 Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0009 Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/088 for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1566 with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/157 with digital control
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 5/00 Automatic control of voltage, current, or power
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 1/66 Digital/analogue converters H03M1/001 – H03M1/10 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 1/685 the quantisation value generators of both converters being arranged in a common two-dimensional array

Abstract

Described are apparatuses and methods of current balancing, current sensing and phase balancing, offset cancellation, digital to analog current converter with monotonic output using binary coded input (without binary to thermometer decoder), compensator for a voltage regulator (VR), etc. In one example, apparatus comprises: a plurality of inductors coupled to a capacitor and a load; a plurality of bridges, each of which is coupled to a corresponding inductor from the plurality of inductors; and a plurality of current sensors, each of which is coupled to a bridge to sense current through a transistor of the bridge.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

an input supply node;

a high-side switch coupled to the input supply node;

a low-side switch coupled in series with the high-side switch such that there is a common node coupled to the low-side switch and the high-side switch, wherein the common node is to be coupled to an inductor; and

a current sensor coupled with the high-side switch and also coupled to the common node, wherein the current sensor is to sense current through the high-side switch,

wherein the current sensor is to turn off in accordance with a voltage condition associated with the common node.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the current sensor is coupled in parallel with the high-side switch.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the current sensor comprises a current mirror.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the current sensor is to turn off to avoid incorrect current measurement.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the current sensor is turned on when the high-side switch is conductive.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the high-side switch comprises a p-type transistor, and wherein the low-side switch comprises an n-type transistor.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inductor is coupled to a capacitor.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the inductor is coupled to a load.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 comprises a second current sensor coupled with the low-side switch and also coupled to the common node, wherein the second current sensor is operable to sense current through the low-side switch.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the second current sensor is coupled in parallel with the low-side switch.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 comprises:

a first driver coupled to the high-side switch, wherein the first driver is to turn on and/or off at least one transistor of the high-side switch; and

a second driver coupled to the low-side switch, wherein the second driver is to turn on and/or off at least one transistor of the low-side switch.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 comprises a pulse switch modulator (PWM) to generate a signal which is used to drive one of the first and second drivers.

13. An apparatus comprising:

an input supply node;

a high-side switch coupled to the input supply node;

a low-side switch coupled in series with the high-side switch such that there is a common node coupled to the low-side switch and the high-side switch, wherein the common node is to be coupled to an inductor;

a current sensor coupled with the high-side switch and also coupled to the common node, wherein the current sensor is to sense current through the high-side switch; and

a voltage indication circuit coupled to the common node to turn off the current sensor according to a voltage condition associated with the common node.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the current sensor is coupled in parallel with the high-side switch.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the current sensor comprises a current mirror.

16. An apparatus comprising:

a first DC-DC converter coupled to a load, wherein the first DC-DC converter comprises;

an input supply node;

a high-side switch coupled to the input supply node;

a low-side switch coupled in series with the high-side switch such that there is a common node coupled to the low-side switch and the high-side switch, wherein the common node is to be coupled to an inductor; and

a current sensor coupled with the high-side switch and also coupled to the common node, wherein the current sensor is to sense current through the high-side switch,

wherein the current sensor is to turn off in accordance with a voltage condition associated with the common node; and

a second DC-DC converter coupled to the load, wherein the second DC-DC converter comprises;

an input supply node;

a high-side switch coupled to the input supply node;

a low-side switch coupled in series with the high-side switch such that there is a common node coupled to the low-side switch and the high-side switch, wherein the common node is to be coupled to the inductor; and

a current sensor coupled with the high-side switch and also coupled to the common node, wherein the current sensor is to sense current through the high-side switch,

wherein the current sensor of the second DC-DC converter is to turn off in accordance with a voltage condition associated with the common node.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the current sensor of the first DC-DC converter and the current sensor of the second DC-DC converter is coupled in parallel with their respective high-side switches.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first DC-DC converter and the second DC-DC converter are to be coupled to the same inductor.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first DC-DC converter and the second DC-DC converter are to be coupled to different inductors.

20. An apparatus comprising:

a first DC-DC converter coupled to a load, wherein the first DC-DC converter comprises;

an input supply node;

a high-side switch coupled to the input supply node;

a low-side switch coupled in series with the high-side switch such that there is a common node coupled to the low-side switch and the high-side switch, wherein the common node is coupled to a first inductor; and

a current sensor coupled with the high-side switch and also coupled to the common node, wherein the current sensor is to sense current through the high-side switch,

wherein the current sensor is to turn off in accordance with a voltage condition associated with the common node;

a second DC-DC converter coupled to the load, wherein the second DC-DC converter comprises;

an input supply node;

a high-side switch coupled to the input supply node;

a low-side switch coupled in series with the high-side switch such that there is a common node coupled to the low-side switch and the high-side switch, wherein the common node is coupled to a second inductor; and

a current sensor coupled with the high-side switch and also coupled to the common node, wherein the current sensor is to sense current through the high-side switch,

wherein the current sensor of the second DC-DC converter is to turn off in accordance with a voltage condition associated with the common node.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first and second inductors are the same inductors.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first and second inductors are separate inductors.

23. An apparatus comprising:

an input supply node;

a high-side switch coupled to the input supply node;

a low-side switch coupled in series with the high-side switch such that there is a common node coupled to the low-side switch and the high-side switch, wherein the common node is to be coupled to an inductor; and

a current sensor coupled with the high-side switch and also coupled to the common node, wherein the current sensor is to sense current through the high-side switch,

wherein the current sensor is to turn off in accordance with a current condition associated with the common node.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the current sensor is coupled in parallel with the high-side switch.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the current sensor comprises a current mirror.

26. A system comprising:

a memory;

a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the processor include a voltage regulator comprising;

an inductor;

a capacitor;

an input supply node;

a high-side switch coupled to the input supply node;

a low-side switch coupled in series with the high-side switch such that there is a common node coupled to the low-side switch and the high-side switch, wherein the common node is to be coupled to the inductor; and

a current sensor coupled with the high-side switch and also coupled to the common node, wherein the current sensor is to sense current through the high-side switch,

wherein the current sensor is to turn off in accordance with a voltage condition associated with the common node; and

a wireless interface to allow the processor to communicate with another device.

27. The system of claim 26, wherein the current sensor is coupled in parallel with the high-side switch.

28. The system of claim 26, wherein the current sensor comprises a current mirror.

29. A method comprising:

sensing current through a high-side switch; and

turning off the current sensor according to a voltage condition associated with a common node coupled to the high-side switch.

30. The method of claim 29 comprises generating a pulse switch modulating (PWM) signal to drive a driver coupled to the high-side switch.

31. An apparatus comprising:

means for sensing current through a high-side switch; and

means for turning off the current sensor according to a voltage condition associated with a common node coupled to the high-side switch.

32. The apparatus of claim 31 comprises means for generating a pulse switch modulating (PWM) signal to drive a driver coupled to the high-side switch.