Power transfer management for local power sources of a grid-tied load

• US 10,185,346 B2
• Filed: 05/19/2017
• Issued: 01/22/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 02/19/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apparent Labs LLC
• Original Assignee: Xslent Energy Technologies, LLC
• Inventors: Matan, Stefan, Westbrock, William B., Horton, Fred C., Klemm, Joseph M., Marrone, Frank P., McKinley, Arnold F., Wiseman, Kurt W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Laxton, Gary L
• Application Number:
  US15/600,646
• Publication Number:
  US 20170322580A1
• Time in Patent Office: 613 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 15/02 electric
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/70 Regulating power factor; Regulating reactive current or power
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/18 Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks for adjustment of voltage H02J3/16
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/46 Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/50 Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/42 Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/48 using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/30 Reactive power compensation

Abstract

A power transfer system provides power factor conditioning of the generated power. Power is received from a local power source, converted to usable AC power, and the power factor is conditioned to a desired value. The desired value may be a power factor at or near unity, or the desired power factor may be in response to conditions of the power grid, a tariff established, and/or determinations made remotely to the local power source. Many sources and power transfer systems can be put together and controlled as a power source farm to deliver power to the grid having a specific power factor characteristic. The farm may be a grouping of multiple local customer premises. AC power can also be conditioned prior to use by an AC to DC power supply for more efficient DC power conversion.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

receiving, at an AC/DC (alternating current to direct current) power supply, alternating current (AC) power from an AC power system, where the AC power provides a source current at a source phase with respect to a source voltage;

delivering the AC power to an AC/DC converter of the power supply, including adjusting a phase of current delivered to the AC/DC converter from the source phase to a second phase with the current delivered in phase with respect to an AC voltage of the AC/DC converter instead of in phase with respect to the source voltage;

converting the delivered AC power into direct current (DC) power with the AC/DC converter; and

delivering the DC power to a load of the power supply.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the phase of the current delivered comprises:

adjusting a phase of AC current to be delivered based on a table-based phase adjustment.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the phase of the current delivered comprises:

adjusting the current delivered to the second phase with unity power factor local to an input of the AC/DC converter, and not at unity power factor with respect to the source voltage.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the phase of the current delivered comprises:

generating an output current waveform with output hardware to deliver the AC power to the AC/DC converter;

sampling the output current waveform;

comparing the output current waveform to a corresponding reference current waveform representing an ideal version of a periodic waveform for output to the AC/DC converter;

generating a feedback signal based on the comparing; and

adjusting an operation of the output hardware at runtime based on the feedback signal, to converge the output current waveform toward phase and shape of the reference current waveform.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein adjusting the operation of the output hardware comprises:

generating the output current waveform based on a pulse width modulation (PWM) base waveform, the PWM base waveform created from entries in a PWM table.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein adjusting the operation of the output hardware comprises:

dynamically adjusting one or more entries in the PWM table during runtime based on the generated feedback signal.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein the sampling and comparing comprise:

sampling and comparing point-by-point between the output current waveform and the reference current waveform.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein comparing point-by-point comprises:

comparing a sample point of the output current waveform to a corresponding reference current waveform setpoint with a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller.

9. The method of claim 4, wherein adjusting the operation of the output hardware comprises:

precomputing a set of ideal sample points representing the reference current waveform prior to sampling the output current waveform; and

storing the precomputed sample points.

10. A power extractor, comprising:

an alternating current to direct current (AC/DC) converter to convert AC power into DC power, and deliver the DC power to a load; and

a power factor conditioner circuit to receive AC power from an AC power system that is to provide a source current at a source phase with respect to a source voltage, adjust a phase of current to be delivered to the AC/DC converter from the source phase to a second phase with the current to be delivered in phase with respect to an AC voltage of the AC/DC converter instead of in phase with respect to the source voltage;

wherein the AC/DC converter is to convert the conditioned AC power into DC power.

11. The power extractor of claim 10, wherein the power factor conditioner circuit is to adjust a phase of AC current to be delivered based on a table-based phase adjustment.

12. The power extractor of claim 10, wherein the power factor conditioner circuit is to adjust the current to be delivered to the second phase with unity power factor local to an input of the AC/DC converter, and not at unity power factor with respect to the source voltage.

13. The power extractor of claim 10, wherein the power factor conditioner circuit is to adjust the phase of the current delivered including:

generate an output current waveform with output hardware to deliver the AC power to the AC/DC converter;

sample the output current waveform;

compare the output current waveform to a corresponding reference current waveform representing an ideal version of a periodic waveform for output to the AC/DC converter;

generate a feedback signal based on the comparing; and

adjust an operation of the output hardware at runtime based on the feedback signal, to converge the output current waveform toward phase and shape of the reference current waveform.

14. The power extractor of claim 13, wherein the power factor conditioner circuit is to adjust the operation of the output hardware including to:

generate the output current waveform based on a pulse width modulation (PWM) base waveform, the PWM base waveform created from entries in a PWM table.

15. The power extractor of claim 13, wherein the power factor conditioner circuit is to dynamically adjust one or more entries in the PWM table during runtime based on the generated feedback signal.

16. The power extractor of claim 13, wherein the power factor conditioner circuit is to sample and compare point-by-point between the output current waveform and the reference current waveform.

17. The power extractor of claim 16, wherein the power factor conditioner circuit is to compare point-by-point including to:

compare a sample point of the output current waveform to a corresponding reference current waveform setpoint with a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller.

18. The power extractor of claim 13, wherein the power factor conditioner circuit is to adjust the operation of the output hardware including to:

precompute a set of ideal sample points representing the reference current waveform prior to sampling the output current waveform; and

store the precomputed sample points.