Wearable, noninvasive glucose sensing methods and systems
First Claim
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1. A wearable apparatus for glucose sensing comprising:
- (a) a noninvasive glucose sensor, adapted to be in contact with or attached to a target tissue, comprising;
(i) an ultrasound generator configured to direct ultrasound pulses or waves into the target tissue, and(ii) an ultrasound detector configured to;
(1) detect ultrasound pulses or waves reflected from the target tissue using reflection, focused reflection, refraction, scattering, polarization, transmission, confocal, interferometric, low-coherence, and/or a low-coherence interferometry technique, and(2) generate a signal corresponding to the detected ultrasound pulses or waves,(b) a processor configured to;
(i) receive the signal from the ultrasound detector,(ii) measure;
(1) at least one time of flight of the ultrasound pulses or waves reflected from or transmitted through the target tissue evidencing boundaries or interfaces within the target tissue, and/or(2) at least one dimension of the target tissue evidencing a specific tissue layer within the target tissue, wherein the dimension includes thickness, length, width, diameter, curvature, or roughness; and
(iii) determine a glucose concentration value from;
(1) the at least one measured time of flight, and/or(2) the at least one measured dimension, and(c) a feedback unit including a display and configured to display a current glucose value or a plot of glucose values versus time,wherein the target tissue is associated with an arm, a forearm, a wrist, a shoulder, a hand, a palm, a finger, an abdomen, a chest, a neck, a head, an ear, an eye, a back, a leg, a foot, or mixtures and combinations thereof, andwherein target tissue comprises a skin tissue, an eye tissue, a mucosal tissue, a nail bed, a lunula, a connective tissue, a muscle tissue, a blood vessel, a cartilage tissue, a tendon tissue, or mixtures and combinations thereof.
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Abstract
New wearable systems for noninvasive glucose sensing include an ultrasound generator, an ultrasound detector and a feedback unit. Methods for noninvasive glucose sensing using a wearable device include measuring a thickness (geometrical and/or optical) of a target tissue or a time of flight of ultrasound or optical pulses in the target tissue and determining a glucose value from the thickness of the target tissue or the time of flight in the target tissue in accordance with a target tissue thickness (geometrical and/or optical) or time of flight versus glucose calibration curve.
7 Citations
24 Claims
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1. A wearable apparatus for glucose sensing comprising:
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(a) a noninvasive glucose sensor, adapted to be in contact with or attached to a target tissue, comprising; (i) an ultrasound generator configured to direct ultrasound pulses or waves into the target tissue, and (ii) an ultrasound detector configured to; (1) detect ultrasound pulses or waves reflected from the target tissue using reflection, focused reflection, refraction, scattering, polarization, transmission, confocal, interferometric, low-coherence, and/or a low-coherence interferometry technique, and (2) generate a signal corresponding to the detected ultrasound pulses or waves, (b) a processor configured to; (i) receive the signal from the ultrasound detector, (ii) measure; (1) at least one time of flight of the ultrasound pulses or waves reflected from or transmitted through the target tissue evidencing boundaries or interfaces within the target tissue, and/or (2) at least one dimension of the target tissue evidencing a specific tissue layer within the target tissue, wherein the dimension includes thickness, length, width, diameter, curvature, or roughness; and (iii) determine a glucose concentration value from; (1) the at least one measured time of flight, and/or (2) the at least one measured dimension, and (c) a feedback unit including a display and configured to display a current glucose value or a plot of glucose values versus time, wherein the target tissue is associated with an arm, a forearm, a wrist, a shoulder, a hand, a palm, a finger, an abdomen, a chest, a neck, a head, an ear, an eye, a back, a leg, a foot, or mixtures and combinations thereof, and wherein target tissue comprises a skin tissue, an eye tissue, a mucosal tissue, a nail bed, a lunula, a connective tissue, a muscle tissue, a blood vessel, a cartilage tissue, a tendon tissue, or mixtures and combinations thereof. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A method for noninvasive glucose sensing comprising the steps of:
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generating ultrasound pulses or waves using a wearable apparatus comprising; (a) a noninvasive glucose sensor, adapted to be in contact with or attached to a target tissue, comprising; (i) an ultrasound generator configured to direct ultrasound pulses or waves into the target tissue, and (ii) an ultrasound detector configured to; (1) detect ultrasound pulses or waves reflected from the target tissue using reflection, focused reflection, refraction, scattering, polarization, transmission, confocal, interferometric, low-coherence, and/or a low-coherence interferometry technique, and (2) generate a signal corresponding to the detected ultrasound pulses or waves, (b) a processor configured to; (i) receive the signal from the ultrasound detector and measure; (1) at least one time of flight of the ultrasound pulses or waves reflected from or transmitted through the target tissue evidencing boundaries or interfaces within the target tissue, and/or (2) at least one dimension of the target tissue evidencing a specific tissue layer within the target tissue, wherein the dimension includes thickness, length, width, diameter, curvature, or roughness, and (ii) determine a glucose concentration value from; (1) the at least one measured time of flight, and/or (2) the at least one measured dimension, and (c) a feedback unit including a display and configured to display a current glucose value or a plot of glucose values versus time, directing the ultrasound pulses or waves into the target tissue; detecting; (a) reflected, refracted, scattered, back-scattered, or forward-scattered ultrasound pulses or waves from the target tissue using the ultrasound detector, and/or (b) transmitted ultrasound pulses or waves passing through target tissue using the ultrasound detector; measuring; (a) at least one ultrasound time of flight based on the detected ultrasound pulses or waves evidencing boundaries or interfaces within the target tissue or passing through the target tissue based on changes in the ultrasound pulses or waves at the boundaries or interfaces using a processor, and/or (b) at least one ultrasound dimension of a specific tissue layer within the target tissue including a thickness, length, width, diameter, curvature, or roughness based on the detected ultrasound pulses or waves using the processor; and determining a glucose concentration value from; (a) the at least one ultrasound time of flight in, and/or (b) the at least one ultrasound dimension, wherein the target tissue is associated with an arm, a forearm, a wrist, a shoulder, a hand, a palm, a finger, an abdomen, a chest, a neck, a head, an ear, an eye, a back, a leg, a foot, or mixtures and combinations thereof. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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Specification