Antenna for near field sensing and far field transceiving

• US 10,193,228 B2
• Filed: 10/22/2014
• Issued: 01/29/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 10/24/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: United States of America as represented by the Administrator of NASA
• Original Assignee: United States of America as represented by the Administrator of NASA
• Inventors: Dudley, Kenneth L., Szatkowski, George N., Wang, Chuantong, Smith, Laura J., Ticatch, Larry A., Koppen, Sandra V., Nguyen, Truong X., Ely, Jay J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Han, Jessica
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bouizza, Michael
• Application Number:
  US14/520,863
• Publication Number:
  US 20170301994A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,560 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/36 Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewithH01Q1/08, H01Q1/14 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/38 formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 7/00 Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 7/005 with variable reactance for tuning the antenna
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/27 Spiral antennas

Abstract

An antenna includes a first electrical conductor that is shaped to form a spiral between its first and second ends that remain electrically unconnected such that the first electrical conductor so-shaped is maintained as an unconnected single-component open-circuit having inductance and capacitance. In the presence of a time-varying electromagnetic field, the first electrical conductor so-shaped resonates to generate a harmonic electromagnetic field response having a frequency, amplitude and bandwidth. A second electrical conductor includes a loop portion overlapping at least a portion of the spiral. The second electrical conductor is electrically isolated from the first electrical conductor. A radio frequency transceiver capable of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic energy is electrically coupled to the second electrical conductor.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising:

a first electrical conductor having first and second ends, said first electrical conductor shaped to form a first spiral between said first and second ends, said first and second ends remaining electrically unconnected such that said first electrical conductor so-shaped is maintained as an unconnected single-component open-circuit having inductance and capacitance wherein, in the presence of a time-varying electromagnetic field, said first electrical conductor so-shaped resonates to generate a radiation pattern;

a second electrical conductor including a loop portion overlapping at least a portion of said first spiral, said second electrical conductor being electrically isolated from said first electrical conductor;

a radio frequency transceiver electrically couple to said second electrical conductor for exciting said loop portion with electromagnetic energy wherein said time-varying electromagnetic field is generated in the presence of said first spiral; and

a third electrical conductor having first and second ends, said third electrical conductor shape to form a second spiral between said first and second ends of said third electrical conductor, said first and second ends of said third electrical conductor remaining electrically unconnected such that said third electrical conductor so-shaped is maintained as an unconnected single-component open-circuit having inductance and capacitance, wherein said third electrical conductor so-shaped experiences resonance changes when subjected to environmental changes of interest, and wherein said loop portion is disposed between said first spiral and said second spiral,

wherein said radiation pattern is modulated with said resonance changes.

2. The antenna of claim 1, farther comprising dielectric material disposed between said first spiral and said loop portion.

3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said first spiral and said loop portion are aligned parallel to one another.

4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said first spiral and said loop portion comprise elements of a one-piece structure.

5. The antenna of claim 1, wherein a center of said first spiral is aligned with a center of said loop portion.

6. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said first spiral resides in a first plane and said loop portion resides in a second plane parallel to said first plane.

7. The antenna of claim 1, further comprising dielectric material disposed between said first spiral and said loop portion, and between said second spiral and said loop portion.

8. The antenna of claim 7, wherein said first spiral, said loop portion, said second spiral, and said dielectric material comprise elements of a one-piece structure.

9. An antenna, comprising:

a first electrical conductor having first and second ends, said first electrical conductor shaped to form a first spiral between said first and second ends, said first spiral lying in a first plane, said first and second ends remaining electrically unconnected such that said first electrical conductor so-shaped is maintained as an unconnected single-component open-circuit having inductance and capacitance wherein, in the presence of a time-varying electromagnetic field, said first electrical conductor so-shaped resonates to generate a radiation pattern;

a second electrical conductor including a loop portion lying in a second plane, said loop portion overlapping at least a portion of said first spiral, said second electrical conductor being electrically isolated from said first electrical conductor;

a radio frequency transceiver electrically coupled to said second electrical conductor for exciting said loop portion with electromagnetic energy wherein said time-varying electromagnetic field is generated in the presence of said first spiral; and

a third electrical conductor having first and second ends, said third electrical conductor shaped to form a second spiral between said first and second ends of said third electrical conductor, said second spiral lying in a third plane, said first and second ends of said third electrical conductor remaining electrically unconnected such that said third electrical conductor so-shaped is maintained as an unconnected single-component open-circuit having inductance and capacitance, wherein said third electrical conductor so-shaped experiences resonance changes when subjected to environmental changes of interest, and wherein said loop portion is disposed between said first spiral and said second spiral

for detecting said resonance changes, wherein said radiation pattern is modulated with said resonance changes.

10. The antenna of claim 9, further comprising dielectric material disposed between said first spiral and said loop portion.

11. The antenna of claim 9, wherein said first plane and said second plane are parallel to one another.

12. The antenna of claim 9, wherein said first spiral and said loop portion comprise elements of a one-piece structure.

13. The antenna of claim 9, wherein a center of said first, spiral is aligned with a center of said loop portion.

14. The antenna of claim 9, wherein said first plane, said second plane, and said third plane are parallel to one another.

15. The antenna of claim 9, further comprising dielectric material disposed between said first spiral and said loop portion, and between said second spiral and said loop portion.

16. The antenna of claim 15, wherein said first spiral, said loop portion, said second spiral, and said dielectric material comprise elements of a one-piece structure.

17. An antenna, comprising:

a first electrical conductor having first and second ends, said first electrical conductor shaped to form a first spiral between said first and second ends, said first spiral lying in a first plane, said first spiral having a geometric center, said first and second ends remaining electrically unconnected such that said first electrical conductor so-shaped is maintained as an unconnected single-component open-circuit having inductance and capacitance wherein, in the presence of a time-varying electromagnetic field, said first electrical conductor so-shaped resonates to generate a radiation pattern;

a second electrical conductor including a loop portion lying in a second plane parallel to said first plane, said loop portion having a geometric center aligned with said geometric center of said first spiral wherein said loop portion overlaps at least a portion of said first spiral, said second electrical conductor being electrically isolated from said first electrical conductor;

a radio frequency transceiver electrically coupled to said second electrical conductor for exciting said loop portion with electromagnetic energy wherein said time-varying electromagnetic field is generated in the presence of said first spiral;

a third electrical conductor having first and second ends, said third electrical conductor shaped to form a second spiral between said first and second ends of said third electrical conductor, said second spiral lying in a third plane, said second spiral having a geometric center, said first and second ends of said third electrical conductor remaining electrically unconnected such that said third electrical conductor so-shaped is maintained as an unconnected single-component open-circuit having inductance and capacitance, wherein said third electrical conductor experiences resonance changes when subjected to environmental changes of interest, wherein

said loop portion is disposed between said first spiral and said second spiral for detecting said resonance changes,

said third plane is parallel to said first plane and said second plane, and

said geometric center of said second spiral is aligned with said geometric center of said loop portion and said geometric center of said first spiral,

wherein said radiation pattern is modulated with said resonance changes.

18. The antenna of claim 17, further comprising dielectric material disposed between said first spiral and said loop portion.

19. The antenna of claim 17, wherein said first spiral and said loop portion comprise elements of a one-piece structure.

20. The antenna of claim 17, further comprising dielectric material disposed between said first spiral and said loop portion, and between said second spiral and said loop portion.

21. The antenna of claim 20, wherein said first spiral, said loop portion, said second spiral, and said dielectric material comprise elements of a one-piece structure.