Near zero volt storage tolerant electrochemical cells through reversible ion management
First Claim
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1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
- a positive electrode;
a negative electrode; and
an electrolyte, wherein the electrochemical cell contains reversible ions in an amount sufficient to maintain a negative electrode potential verses reference level that is less than a damage potential of the negative electrode and a positive electrode potential verses reference level that is greater than a damage potential of the positive electrode of the cell under an applied load at a near zero cell voltage state, such that the cell is capable of recharge from the near zero cell voltage state.
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Abstract
An electrochemical cell having a positive electrode; a negative electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the electrochemical cell contains reversible ions in an amount sufficient to maintain a negative electrode potential verses reference level below a negative electrode damage threshold potential of the cell and a positive electrode potential verses reference level above a positive electrode damage threshold potential of the cell under an applied load at a near zero cell voltage state, such that the cell is capable of recharge from the near zero cell voltage state, and method for its production is disclosed.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
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a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte, wherein the electrochemical cell contains reversible ions in an amount sufficient to maintain a negative electrode potential verses reference level that is less than a damage potential of the negative electrode and a positive electrode potential verses reference level that is greater than a damage potential of the positive electrode of the cell under an applied load at a near zero cell voltage state, such that the cell is capable of recharge from the near zero cell voltage state. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A method for providing an electrochemical cell which manages an amount of reversible ions that enables a near zero voltage storage for prolonged periods of time under an applied load capable of recharge without significant degradation of discharge performance, comprising:
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a) fabricating a first electrochemical cell having a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a third electrode, and an electrolyte; b) measuring the voltage difference between the negative electrode and the third electrode to determine the electrochemical potential of the negative electrode verses reference level and measuring the voltage difference between the positive electrode and the third electrode to determine the electrochemical potential of the positive electrode verses reference level upon application of an applied load that electrically connects the positive electrode and negative electrode to the first electrochemical cell as the voltage difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the first electrochemical cell voltage, reaches a near zero volts; c) determining the electrode asymptotic potential from the measured electrochemical potential of the negative electrode verses reference level and the positive electrode verses reference level in the first electrochemical cell; d) adjusting the amount of reversible ions in the first electrochemical cell based upon the determined electrode asymptotic potential from the first electrochemical cell, or fabricating a second electrochemical cell having a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a third electrode, and an electrolyte and adjusting the amount of reversible ions in the second electrochemical cell, based upon the determined electrode asymptotic potential from the first electrochemical cell; and e) repeating steps a), b), c) and d) until an amount of the reversible ions in the cell is identified that achieves the negative electrode potential verses reference level below a negative electrode damage threshold potential of the cell and the positive electrode potential verses reference level above a positive electrode damage threshold potential of the cell under the applied load at a near zero cell voltage state, and optionally removing the third electrode. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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Specification