Optimizing medication dosage based on analyte sensor data

• US 10,194,841 B2
• Filed: 02/26/2015
• Issued: 02/05/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 08/30/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Abbott Diabetes Care Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Abbott Diabetes Care Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories Incorporated)
• Inventors: Sloan, Mark K., Fennell, Martin J., Bernstein, Daniel M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Stigell, Theodore
• Assistant Examiner(s): Engel, Matthew A
• Application Number:
  US14/633,090
• Publication Number:
  US 20150164394A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,440 Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4839 combined with drug delivery
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/14208 with a programmable infusion control system, characterised by the infusion program
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1723 using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure measurement of body parameters A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 20/10 relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 20/17 delivered via infusion or injection
• CPC Class Codes: G16Z 99/00 Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass

Abstract

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are provided for determining whether to administer a medication dose as a single dose or whether to fractionate the single dose to be administered as at least two discrete doses. Embodiments include determining a first analyte level and a first rate of change of the analyte level; determining an initial medication dose based on one or more anticipated subsequent medication doses, the first analyte level relative to an analyte level threshold, and the first rate of change of the analyte level relative to a rate of change threshold; administering the initial medication dose; determining a second analyte level and a second rate of change of the analyte level based on subsequent analyte data; and determining a subsequent medication dose based on the second analyte level relative to the analyte level threshold and the second rate of change relative to the rate of change threshold.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

an in vivo sensor;

a processor in electrical communication with the in vivo sensor; and

a memory coupled to the processor and operative to store instructions executable by the processor, the instructions include;

determining a first analyte level and a first rate of change of the first analyte level based on analyte data received from the in vivo sensor;

determining whether a medication is required based on the first analyte level relative to an an analyte level threshold, and the first rate of change of the first analyte level relative to a rate of change threshold; and

determining whether to administer the medication as a single medication dose or to fractionate the single medication dose into at least two discrete doses, the at least two discrete doses being an initial medication dose and one or more anticipated subsequent medication doses, wherein when it is determined to fractionate the single medication dose into the at least two discrete doses, the instructions executable by the processor further including;

determining the initial medication dose based on the one or more anticipated subsequent medication doses, the first analyte level relative to the analyte level threshold, and the first rate of change of the analyte level relative to the rate of change threshold;

determining a time at which to determine a subsequent medication dose based on one or more of the first analyte level and the first rate of change of the analyte level;

providing an indication to administer the initial medication dose;

determining a second analyte level and a second rate of change of the analyte level based on subsequent analyte data received from the in vivo sensor; and

determining the subsequent medication dose at the previously determined time based on the second analyte level relative to the analyte level threshold and the second rate of change of the analyte level relative to the rate of change threshold.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions further include an instruction to provide an indication to administer the subsequent medication dose.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the instructions to provide the indication to administer the initial and subsequent medication doses include instructions to provide a message to a user via a user interface.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising an automatic infusion device in electrical communication with the processor and configured to administer the initial and subsequent medication dose to a user, wherein the instructions to provide the indication to administer the initial and subsequent medication doses include instructions to transmit signals to the automatic infusion device to administer the initial and subsequent medication doses.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the instructions to transmit the signals to the automatic infusion device to administer the subsequent medication dose occurs in response to an input at a user interface.

6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the in vivo sensor and the automatic infusion device provide for a closed loop medication system.

7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the automatic infusion device administers the initial medication dose to maintain the first analyte level above the analyte level threshold.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein determining the time at which to determine the subsequent medication dose is additionally based on one or more of a user'"'"'s insulin reaction time and the user'"'"'s carbohydrate reaction time.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first analyte level and the second analyte level are glucose levels.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the initial medication dose and the subsequent medication dose are insulin doses.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the analyte level threshold is a target glucose level.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the initial medication dose is at least 20 mg/dL above the target glucose level.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein a combination of the initial medication dose and the subsequent medication dose achieve the target glucose level.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is part of an integrated analyte monitoring system including an automated medication delivery system.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the in vivo sensor is a continuous glucose sensor.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to administer the medication as the single medication dose or to fractionate the single medication dose into at least two discrete doses is based on a prediction of a hypoglycemic event occurring.