Method and a system for analysing the condition of a rotating machine part

• US 10,203,242 B2
• Filed: 07/11/2012
• Issued: 02/12/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 07/14/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: S.P.M. Instrument AB
• Original Assignee: S.P.M. Instrument AB
• Inventors: Hedin, Lars-Olov Elis
• Primary Examiner(s): Kuan, John
• Application Number:
  US14/131,731
• Publication Number:
  US 20140142872A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,407 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 19/527 related to vibration and noise
• CPC Class Codes: F16C 2233/00 Monitoring condition, e.g. temperature, load, vibration
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 1/003 of rotating machines G01H1/10 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 13/045 Acoustic or vibration analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/14 using acoustic emission techniques echo of particles G01N29/046; measuring mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in solids in general G01H1/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/48 by amplitude comparison
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/37434 Measuring vibration of machine or workpiece or tool
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 23/024 Quantitative history assessment, e.g. mathematical relationships between available data; Functions therefor; Principal component analysis [PCA]; Partial least square [PLS]; Statistical classifiers, e.g. Bayesian networks, linear regression or correlation analysis; Neural networks
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 23/0281 Quantitative, e.g. mathematical distance; Clustering; Neural networks; Statistical analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 23/0283 Predictive maintenance, e.g. involving the monitoring of a system and, based on the monitoring results, taking decisions on the maintenance schedule of the monitored system; Estimating remaining useful life [RUL] preventive maintenance, i.e. planning maintenance according to the available resources without monitoring the system G06Q10/06

Abstract

Method of operating an apparatus for analyzing the condition of a machine part rotating with a speed of rotation, includes: receiving a first digital signal dependent on mechanical vibrations emanating from the rotating part; analyzing the first digital signal to detect peak amplitude values during a finite time period corresponding to a predetermined amount of revolution of the rotatable part; the predetermined amount of revolution corresponding to at least one revolution of the monitored rotatable part; defining a plurality of amplitude ranges, each amplitude range corresponding to a peak occurrence frequency of more than one peak per revolution; sorting the detected peak amplitude values into corresponding amplitude ranges to reflect occurrence of detected peak amplitude values within the plurality of amplitude ranges; establishing a peak amplitude value for detected peaks having an occurrence frequency of about N_L peaks per revolution, the occurrence frequency N_L being a number higher than one.

Claims

1. A method, carried out by a computer device equipped at least with a memory, of operating an apparatus for detecting a condition of bearing surfaces associated with a rotating machine part of a machine, where the machine part operationally rotates at a rotational speed of less than 120 revolutions per minute, the method comprising:

employing a vibration sensor, in operable connection with the machine, that generates an analogue vibration signal indicative of mechanical vibrations emanating from said bearing surfaces when said machine part rotates during operation of said machine;

employing a rotation sensor, in operable connection with the machine, that generates a rotation sensor signal indicative of said rotation of said machine part;

generating, using an analogue-to-digital converter, a digital vibration signal based on said analogue vibration signal, said digital vibration signal having a sampling frequency associated therewith;

detecting, by use of said computer device, peak amplitude values in said digital vibration signal;

sorting, by use of said computer device, said detected peak amplitude values into corresponding amplitude ranges in said memory in a manner of one of

i) reflecting an occurrence of detected peak amplitude values within a plurality of amplitude ranges, or

ii) reflecting an occurrence of detected peak amplitude values having an amplitude higher than an amplitude of an associated amplitude range,

determining, by use of said computer device, based on said rotation sensor signal, when the rotating machine part has revolved a predetermined amount of revolutions, said detecting of peak amplitude values being performed during said predetermined amount of revolutions of the rotating machine part, the predetermined amount of revolutions being more than one revolution of the rotating machine part;

establishing, by use of said computer device, based on said reflected occurrence, a first peak amplitude value said first peak amplitude value being a value that, during said predetermined amount of revolutions, had a mean occurrence frequency of more than once per revolution;

generating at least one of a visual output and a numerical value, indicative of a lubrication condition of said bearing surfaces based on the established first peak amplitude value; and

establishing, by use of said computer device, based on said reflected occurrence, a second peak amplitude value that, during said predetermined amount of revolutions, had a mean occurrence frequency of once per revolution or less than once per revolution, the established second peak amplitude value being indicative of a mechanical condition of said bearing surfaces.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said establishing the first peak amplitude value includes:

identifying, when said predetermined amount of revolutions has been achieved, an amplitude range within which X amplitude values were counted,

where X=R_D*N_L,

where R_D is a number corresponding to said predetermined amount of revolutions, and

where N_L is said mean occurrence frequency of more than once per revolution; and

using an amplitude value of said identified amplitude range as said established first peak amplitude value.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the amplitude range is a range in a histogram of detected peak amplitude values.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said establishing the first peak amplitude value includes:

identifying, when said predetermined amount of revolutions has been achieved, an amplitude range within which Z amplitude values were counted, wherein Z reflects the occurrence of detected peaks having an amplitude higher than the amplitude of the associated amplitude range,

where Z=R_D*N_L,

where R_D is a number corresponding to said predetermined amount of revolutions, and

where N_L is said mean occurrence frequency of more than once per revolution; and

using an amplitude value of said identified amplitude range as said established first peak amplitude value.

5. The method according to claim 1,

wherein said predetermined amount of revolutions is determined based on a preset amount of revolution value and said rotation sensor signal, and

wherein:

said predetermined amount of revolutions corresponds to at least one revolution of said rotating machine part, or

said predetermined amount of revolutions corresponds to at least two revolutions of said rotating machine part, or

said predetermined amount of revolutions corresponds to at least three revolutions of said rotating machine part, or

said predetermined amount of revolutions corresponds to at least four revolutions of said rotating machine part, or

said predetermined amount of revolutions corresponds to at least eight revolutions of said rotating machine part, or

said predetermined amount of revolutions corresponds to at least ten revolutions of said rotating machine part.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said predetermined amount of revolutions is at least eight revolutions.

7. The method according to claim 1,

wherein the at least one of a visual output and a numerical value, indicative of the lubrication condition of said bearing surfaces, is generated based on said established first peak amplitude value and a reference lubrication condition peak amplitude value.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said reference lubrication condition peak amplitude value is a first peak amplitude value that has been established for said bearing surfaces at an earlier time.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein said reference lubrication condition peak amplitude value is a first peak amplitude value that has been established in an unlubricated bearing surfaces condition.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the visual output, indicative of the lubrication condition of said bearing surfaces, is generated based on said established first peak amplitude value and a number of first peak amplitude values that have been established for said bearing surfaces at earlier times, stored in said memory at said earlier times, and retrieved from said memory for generating said visual output.

11. An apparatus for detecting a condition of bearing surfaces associated with a rotating machine part of a machine, the rotating machine part having a rotational speed less than 120 revolutions per minute, the apparatus comprising:

a vibration sensor which, in operation, is attached to the machine and generates an analogue vibration signal indicative of mechanical vibrations emanating from surfaces of bearings of the rotating machine part during rotation of said rotating machine part;

a rotation sensor which, in operation, is attached to the machine and generates a rotation sensor signal indicative of said rotation of said machine part;

an analogue-to-digital converter that, in operation, generates a digital vibration signal based on said analogue vibration signal, said digital vibration signal having a sampling frequency;

a data processor, in communication with said analogue-to-digital converter and a memory and configured, in accordance with programming code recorded in said memory, to function as;

a peak detector that analyzes said digital vibration signal to detect peak amplitude values of said digital vibration signal;

a value sorter that sorts the detected peak amplitude values and records the detected peak amplitude values into corresponding amplitude ranges in a manner of one of;

i) reflecting an occurrence of detected peak amplitude values within a plurality of amplitude ranges, or

ii) reflecting an occurrence of detected peak amplitude values having an amplitude higher than an amplitude of an associated amplitude range;

a Lubrication Peak Value Establisher; and

a Mechanical Condition Peak Value Establisher,

wherein the data processor is configured to determine, based on said rotation sensor signal, when the rotating machine part has revolved a predetermined amount of revolutions,

wherein the data processor is configured to detect said peak amplitude values on a finite duration of said digital vibration signal, the finite duration corresponding to said predetermined amount of revolutions of the rotating machine part, said predetermined amount of revolutions being at least eight revolutions,

wherein the Lubrication Peak Value Establisher establishes a first peak amplitude value based on said reflected occurrence which, during the finite duration of said digital vibration signal, had a first predetermined mean occurrence frequency of more than once per revolution,

wherein the data processor is configured to generate at least one of a visual output and a numerical value indicative of a lubrication condition of said bearing surfaces based on the established first peak amplitude value, and

wherein the Mechanical Condition Peak Value Establisher establishes a second peak amplitude value which, during said finite duration of said digital vibration signal, had a second predetermined mean occurrence frequency of once per revolution or less than once per revolution, the established second peak amplitude value being indicative of a mechanical condition of said bearing surfaces.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said visual output, and/or said numerical value, is indicative of a lubricant film thickness of said bearing surfaces.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said predetermined amount of revolutions is at least ten revolutions.

14. A method for detecting a condition of bearing surfaces of a rotating machine part having a speed of rotation, the method comprising the steps of:

providing the apparatus of claim 11;

applying the vibration sensor to a measuring point on the machine; and

generating said at least one of a visual output and a numerical value, indicative of said lubrication condition of said bearing surfaces from the data processor.

15. The apparatus according to claim 11,

wherein the data processor is configured to generate said at least one of a visual output and a numerical value, indicative of the lubrication condition of said bearing surfaces, based on said established first peak amplitude value and a reference lubrication condition peak amplitude value.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said reference lubrication condition peak amplitude value is a first peak amplitude value that has been established for said bearing surfaces at an earlier time.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein said reference lubrication condition peak amplitude value is a first peak amplitude value that has been established in an unlubricated bearing surfaces condition.

18. The apparatus according to claim 11,

wherein the data processor is configured to generate said visual output based on

said established first peak amplitude value, and

a number of first peak amplitude values that have been established for said bearing surfaces at earlier times, stored in said memory at said earlier times, and retrieved from said memory for generating said visual output.