Method of and apparatus for processing graphics

• US 10,204,391 B2
• Filed: 06/04/2013
• Issued: 02/12/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Arm Ltd. (United Kingdom) (SoftBank Group Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Arm Ltd. (United Kingdom) (SoftBank Group Corp.)
• Inventors: Heggelund, Frode, Nystad, Jorn
• Primary Examiner(s): Chen, Frank S
• Application Number:
  US13/909,556
• Publication Number:
  US 20140354682A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,079 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/20 Processor architectures; Processor configuration, e.g. pipelining
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/40 Filling a planar surface by adding surface attributes, e.g. colour or texture

Abstract

A tile-based graphics processing pipeline that uses primitive lists that can encompass plural rendering tiles includes a primitive list reading unit that reads primitive lists for a tile being rendered to determine primitives to be processed for the tile and a rasterizer that rasterizes input primitives to generate graphics fragments to be processed. The pipeline further comprises a comparison unit between the primitive list reading unit and the rasterizer that for primitives that have been read from primitive lists that include plural rendering tiles, compares the location of the primitive in the render target to the location of the tile being rendered, and then either sends the primitive onwards to the rasterizer if the comparison determines that the primitive could lie at least partially within the tile, or does not send the primitive to the rasterizer if the comparison determines that the primitive definitely does not lie within the tile.

Claims

1. A method of operating a tile-based graphics processing pipeline that comprises a plurality of processing stages, including at least a rasteriser that rasterises input primitives to generate graphics fragments to be processed, each graphics fragment having one or more sampling points associated with it, and a renderer that processes fragments generated by the rasteriser to generate rendered fragment data, and for which primitive lists indicating primitives to be processed can be prepared for sub-regions of the area of a render target to be generated that include plural rendering tiles, the method comprising:

when rendering a tile of plural rendering tiles that a render target to be generated is divided into;

reading a primitive list for a sub-region of the render target, wherein the sub-region includes plural rendering tiles and the tile being rendered of the plural rendering tiles that the render target is divided into;

based on the reading the primitive list for the sub-region of the render target, determining a primitive to be processed for the tile being rendered;

after the determining the primitive to be processed for the tile based on the reading the primitive list for the sub-region;

generating a lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive;

comparing the generated lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive in the render target to the location of the tile being rendered; and

determining whether to send the determined primitive to the rasteriser for rasterising for the tile on the basis of the comparison, wherein when the comparison indicates that the generated lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive in the render target definitely lies outside the tile being rendered, the determined primitive is not sent to the rasteriser;

wherein generating a lower precision representation and comparing the generated lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive in the render target to the location of the tile being rendered comprises one of;

(i) generating a bounding box to represent the location of the primitive; and

comparing the location of the bounding box of the determined primitive in the render target to the location of the tile being rendered;

wherein the bounding box used to represent the location of the primitive in these steps is a different bounding box to the bounding box that was used to sort the primitive into the primitive list; and

(ii) representing the x and y coordinates of the primitive using lower precision values; and

using these lower precision values of the x and y coordinates of the primitive when performing the comparison.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein if the comparison cannot determine that the primitive definitely lies outside the tile, the primitive is sent to the rasteriser.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein both a different bounding box and the bounding box that was used to sort the primitive into the primitive list are used to represent the location of the primitive for the purpose of the comparison.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the different bounding box to the bounding box that was used to sort the primitive into the primitive list is a bounding box derived for the primitive that is aligned to a set of axes that are rotated relative to the axes that the bounding box that was used to sort the primitive into the primitive list was aligned to.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the comparison process represents the tile'"'"'s and the primitive'"'"'s x and y coordinates using lower precision values, and then determines whether the primitive is outside the tile using those values, by testing the edges of the primitive when so-represented against the tile.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the lower precision representations of the x and y coordinates indicate a range of lower precision values that the x or coordinate in question could have and the comparison process uses interval arithmetic to compare the location of the primitive to the location of the tile.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein primitive lists can be prepared for plural different levels of primitive list, with the primitive lists for each level encompassing different numbers of tiles to the other levels;

and the primitive list preparing process takes account of the existence of the pre-rasterisation comparison process when determining which primitive list level to list a primitive at.

8. A tile-based graphics processing pipeline for which primitive lists indicating primitives to be processed can be prepared for sub-regions of the area of a render target to be generated that include plural rendering tiles, the pipeline comprising:

processing circuitry, including at least a rasteriser that rasterises input primitives to generate graphics fragments to be processed, each graphics fragment having one or more sampling points associated with it, and a renderer that processes fragments generated by the rasteriser to generate rendered fragment data;

primitive list reading circuitry that, when a tile of plural rendering tiles that a render target to be generated is divided into is being rendered, reads a primitive list for a sub-region of a render target, wherein the sub-region includes plural rendering tiles and the tile being rendered of the plural rendering tiles that the render target is divided into, to determine primitives to be processed for the tile being rendered; and

lower precision representation generating circuitry that generates, for a primitive determined to be processed for a tile being rendered by the primitive list reading circuitry, a lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive; and

comparison circuitry between the lower precision representation generating circuitry and the rasteriser that, for a primitive determined to be processed for a tile being rendered by the primitive list reading circuitry, compares the generated lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive in the render target determined by the lower precision representation generating circuitry to the location of the tile being rendered, and determines whether to send the primitive to the rasteriser for rasterising for the tile on the basis of the comparison, wherein when the comparison indicates that the generated lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive in the render target definitely lies outside the tile being rendered, the determined primitive is not sent to the rasteriser;

wherein generating a lower precision representation and comparing the generated lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive in the render target to the location of the tile being rendered comprises one of;

(i) the lower precision representation generating circuitry generating a bounding box to represent the location of the primitive; and

the comparison circuitry comparing the location of the bounding box of the determined primitive in the render target to the location of the tile being rendered;

wherein the bounding box used to represent the location of the primitive in these steps is a different bounding box to the bounding box that was used to sort the primitive into the primitive list; and

(ii) the lower precision representation generating circuitry representing the x and y coordinates of the primitive using lower precision values; and

the comparison circuitry using these lower precision values of the x and y coordinates of the primitive when performing the comparison.

9. The pipeline of claim 8, wherein if the comparison cannot determine that the primitive definitely lies outside the tile, the primitive is sent to the rasteriser.

10. The pipeline of claim 8, wherein both a different bounding box and the bounding box that was used to sort the primitive into the primitive list are used to represent the location of the primitive for the purpose of the comparison.

11. The pipeline of claim 8, wherein the different bounding box to the bounding box that was used to sort the primitive into the primitive list is a bounding box derived for the primitive that is aligned to a set of axes that are rotated relative to the axes that the bounding box that was used to sort the primitive into the primitive list was aligned to.

12. The pipeline of claim 8, wherein the comparison unit converts the tile'"'"'s and the primitive'"'"'s x and y coordinates to lower precision values, and then determines whether the primitive is outside the tile using those values, by testing the edges of the primitive when so-represented against the tile.

13. The pipeline of claim 8, wherein the lower precision representations of the x and y coordinates indicate a range of lower precision values that the x or coordinate in question could have and the comparison unit uses interval arithmetic to compare the location of the primitive to the location of the tile.

14. The pipeline of claim 8, wherein primitive lists can be prepared for plural different levels of primitive list, with the primitive lists for each level encompassing different numbers of tiles to the other levels;

and the primitive list preparer takes account of the existence of the pre-rasterisation comparison process when determining which primitive list level to list a primitive at.

15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing computer software code which when executing on a processor performs a method of operating a tile-based graphics processing pipeline that comprises a plurality of processing stages, including at least a rasteriser that rasterises input primitives to generate graphics fragments to be processed, each graphics fragment having one or more sampling points associated with it, and a renderer that processes fragments generated by the rasteriser to generate rendered fragment data, and for which primitive lists indicating primitives to be processed can be prepared for sub-regions of the area of a render target to be generated that include plural rendering tiles, the method comprising:

when rendering a tile of plural rendering tiles that a render target to be generated is divided into;

reading a primitive list for a sub-region of the render target, wherein the sub-region includes plural rendering tiles and the tile being rendered of the plural rendering tiles that the render target is divided into;

based on the reading the primitive list for the sub-region of the render target, determining a primitive to be processed for the tile being rendered;

after the determining the primitive to be processed for the tile based on the reading the primitive list for the sub-region, generating a lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive;

comparing the generated lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive in the render target to the location of the tile being rendered; and

determining whether to send the determined primitive to the rasteriser for rasterising for the tile on the basis of the comparison, wherein if the comparison indicates that the generated lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive in the render target definitely lies outside the tile being rendered, the determined primitive is not sent to the rasteriser;

wherein generating a lower precision representation and comparing the generated lower precision representation of the location of the determined primitive in the render target to the location of the tile being rendered comprises one of;

(i) generating a bounding box to represent the location of the primitive; and

comparing the location of the bounding box of the determined primitive in the render target to the location of the tile being rendered;

wherein the bounding box used to represent the location of the primitive in these steps is a different bounding box to the bounding box that was used to sort the primitive into the primitive list; and

(ii) representing the x and y coordinates of the primitive using lower precision values; and

using these lower precision values of the x and y coordinates of the primitive when performing the comparison.