Noninvasive measurement of analyte concentration using methods and systems of post-balancing
First Claim
1. A noninvasive method for estimating a concentration of a target analyte in a sample, comprising:
- a.) generating a first reference radiation having a first reference wavelength, a second reference radiation having a second reference wavelength, a principal radiation having a principal wavelength, and a target analyte carrier detection radiation having the target analyte carrier detection wavelength, using a first reference light source, a second reference light source, a principal light source, and a target analyte carrier detection light source, respectively;
b.) directing the first reference radiation, the second reference radiation, the principal radiation and the target analyte carrier detection radiation at the sample which includes the target analyte;
c.) detecting, with one or more detectors, a first amount of the first reference radiation, a second amount of the second reference radiation, a third amount of the principal radiation, and a fourth amount of the target analyte carrier detection radiation, that leaves the sample;
d.) causing or permitting modulation of the content of the target analyte in the sample during the detecting step;
e.) generating first reference measurement data, second reference measurement data, principal measurement data, and target analyte carrier detection measurement data, based respectively on the first amount, the second amount, the third amount, and the fourth amount of radiation that are detected;
f.) calculating balancing weights for a weighted combination of the first reference measurement data and the second reference measurement data that balances the principal measurement data with respect to a sample background from the first reference measurement data, the second reference measurement data, and the principal measurement data, using one or more processors; and
g.) estimating the concentration of the target analyte based on the difference between the balanced weighted combination of the first reference measurement data and the second reference measurement data and the principal measurement data, and the target analyte carrier detection data using subsequent measurement data.
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Abstract
A noninvasive method for estimating a concentration of a target analyte in a sample comprises generating a first and second (reference) radiation, a principal radiation and a target analyte carrier detection radiation; directing the first, second, principal and the target analyte carrier detection radiations at the sample which includes the target analyte; and detecting a first, second, principal and target analyte carrier detection amount of the radiation that leaves the sample. The method further comprises modulating the sample thickness in order to achieve time-wise or spatial target analyte concentration variation within the sample. The method further comprises generating first, second, principal and target analyte carrier detection measurement data based respectively on the first, second, the principal and the target analyte carrier detected amounts of radiation; numerically processing the first, second, principal and target analyte carrier detection measurement data to obtain a weighted combination of the first measurement data and the second measurement data that balances the principal measurement data with respect to a sample background; and estimating the concentration of the target analyte based on the difference between the balanced weighted combination of the first measurement data and the second measurement data vs. the principal measurement data.
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Citations
30 Claims
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1. A noninvasive method for estimating a concentration of a target analyte in a sample, comprising:
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a.) generating a first reference radiation having a first reference wavelength, a second reference radiation having a second reference wavelength, a principal radiation having a principal wavelength, and a target analyte carrier detection radiation having the target analyte carrier detection wavelength, using a first reference light source, a second reference light source, a principal light source, and a target analyte carrier detection light source, respectively; b.) directing the first reference radiation, the second reference radiation, the principal radiation and the target analyte carrier detection radiation at the sample which includes the target analyte; c.) detecting, with one or more detectors, a first amount of the first reference radiation, a second amount of the second reference radiation, a third amount of the principal radiation, and a fourth amount of the target analyte carrier detection radiation, that leaves the sample; d.) causing or permitting modulation of the content of the target analyte in the sample during the detecting step; e.) generating first reference measurement data, second reference measurement data, principal measurement data, and target analyte carrier detection measurement data, based respectively on the first amount, the second amount, the third amount, and the fourth amount of radiation that are detected; f.) calculating balancing weights for a weighted combination of the first reference measurement data and the second reference measurement data that balances the principal measurement data with respect to a sample background from the first reference measurement data, the second reference measurement data, and the principal measurement data, using one or more processors; and g.) estimating the concentration of the target analyte based on the difference between the balanced weighted combination of the first reference measurement data and the second reference measurement data and the principal measurement data, and the target analyte carrier detection data using subsequent measurement data. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. An apparatus for performing noninvasive estimation of a concentration of a target analyte in a sample, comprising:
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a.) a first reference light source for generating a first reference radiation; b.) a second reference light source for generating a second reference radiation; c.) a principal light source for generating a principal radiation; d.) a target analyte carrier detection light source for generating a target analyte carrier detection radiation; e.) a device for altering the content of target analyte, target analyte carrier and sample background material within the sample; f.) one or more detectors for detecting non-optical sample parameters selected from the group consisting of sample thickness, pressure on the sample and temperature; g.) one or more detectors for detecting the first reference radiation, the second reference radiation, the principal radiation and the target analyte carrier detection radiation and generating the corresponding first measurement data, second measurement data, principal measurement data, and target analyte carrier detection data; and h.) a controller configured to estimate the concentration of the target analyte by; processing the first measurement data, second measurement data, principal measurement data, and target analyte carrier detection data, using one or more processors, to obtain the first reference attenuation coefficient, the second reference attenuation coefficient, the principal attenuation coefficient, and the target analyte carrier attenuation coefficient of the sample background; i.) processing the obtained first reference, second reference, principal, and target analyte carrier sample background attenuation coefficients to find the balancing weights needed to generate a weighted combination of the first reference measurement data and the second reference measurement data that balances the principal measurement data with respect to a sample background; and
,j.) estimating, using subsequent measurement data and the target analyte carrier attenuation coefficient, the concentration of the target analyte based on the difference between the balanced weighted combination of the first reference measurement data and the second reference measurement data vs. the principal measurement data. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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Specification