Systems and methods for determining a default gateway without an endpoint configuration

• US 10,225,175 B2
• Filed: 03/01/2017
• Issued: 03/05/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 10/28/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Jeyasekaran, Japson, Yedavalli, Kiran
• Primary Examiner(s): Siddiqui, Kashif
• Application Number:
  US15/446,421
• Publication Number:
  US 20180123944A1
• Time in Patent Office: 734 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/10 Active monitoring, e.g. heartbeat, ping or trace-route
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/20 the monitoring system or the monitored elements being virtualised, abstracted or software-defined entities, e.g. SDN or NFV
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/028 Dynamic adaptation of the update intervals, e.g. event-triggered updates
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/66 Layer 2 routing, e.g. in Ethernet based MAN's
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/16 Gateway arrangements

Abstract

Disclosed are system, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for accurately calculating a default gateway of an endpoint without probing the endpoint for the configured values to determine the path between network elements. Tracing the path of a flow in a network and displaying that on a user interface is extremely useful for network troubleshooting purposes. In order to find the gateway the flow would take out of the L2 domain, the endpoint'"'"'s L2 default gateway is required. Usually the L2 gateway for network endpoints is configured on the endpoints themselves and this information cannot be accessed by network controllers (e.g., APIC-EM) directly. In such cases APIC-EM needs to determine the L2 gateway based on the information available to it from the network elements, instead of the endpoints themselves.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

receiving, at a controller, at least a source IP address and a destination IP address;

traversing, by the controller, a Layer 2 forwarding domain, where the Layer 2 forwarding domain comprises information of one or more network elements;

for each network element traversed, determining whether the network element is a candidate gateway;

in response to the network element being a candidate gateway,

determining the candidate gateway is an actual gateway;

determining a path between the source IP address and the destination IP address based on the actual gateway; and

displaying, by the controller, the path.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving, at the controller, a source L4 port number, destination L4 port number, and a transport protocol.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the candidate gateway is the actual gateway when the candidate gateway is an active router for a VLAN of the source IP address or the destination IP address.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the network element is the candidate gateway when the network element is directly connected to a source L3 network.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the network element is the candidate gateway when the network element is not directly connected to a destination L3 network on the same egress.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the network element is the candidate gateway when the network element is connected via another L3 interface and has active data forwarding interface for source data VLAN in case of redundancy.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the Layer 2 forwarding domain is traversed using a depth-first search or a breadth first search algorithm.

8. A controller comprising:

a processor;

a network interface; and

a memory comprising instructions, which when executed by the processor cause the processor to;

receive, at the network interface, at least a source IP address and a destination IP address;

traverse a Layer 2 forwarding domain, where the Layer 2 forwarding domain comprises information of one or more network elements;

for each network element traversed, determine whether the network element is a candidate gateway;

in response to the network element being a candidate gateway, determine the candidate gateway is an actual gateway;

determine a path between the source IP address and the destination IP address based on the actual gateway; and

display the path.

9. The controller of claim 8, further comprising instructions which when executed cause the processor to:

receive a source L4 port number, destination L4 port number, and a transport protocol.

10. The controller of claim 8, wherein the candidate gateway when the candidate gateway is an active router for a VLAN of the source IP address or the destination IP address.

11. The controller of claim 8, wherein network element is the candidate gateway when the network element is directly connected to a source L3 network.

12. The controller of claim 8, wherein the network element is the candidate gateway when the network element is not directly connected to a destination L3 network on the same egress.

13. The controller of claim 12, wherein network element is the candidate gateway when network element is connected via another L3 interface and has active data forwarding interface for source data VLAN in case of redundancy.

14. The controller of claim 8, wherein the Layer 2 forwarding domain is traversed using a depth-first search or a breadth first search algorithm.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, which when executed by a

processor cause the processor to:

receive, at least a source IP address and a destination IP address;

traverse a Layer 2 forwarding domain, where the Layer 2 forwarding domain comprises information of one or more network elements;

for each network element traversed, determine whether the network element is a candidate gateway;

in response to the network element being a candidate gateway, determine the candidate gateway is an actual gateway;

determine a path between the source IP address and the destination IP address based on the actual gateway; and

display the path.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, further comprising instructions which when executed cause the processor to:

receive a source L4 port number, destination L4 port number, and a transport protocol.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the candidate gateway is the actual gateway when the candidate gateway is an active router for a VLAN of the source IP address or the destination IP address.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the network element is the candidate gateway when the network element is directly connected to a source L3 network.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein the network element is the candidate gateway when the network element is not directly connected to a destination L3 network on the same egress.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein the network element is the candidate gateway when the network element is connected via another L3 interface and has active data forwarding interface for source data VLAN in case of redundancy.