Human-machine interface with graphene-pyroelectric materials

• US 10,228,784 B2
• Filed: 07/07/2015
• Issued: 03/12/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 07/08/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: National University of Singapore
• Original Assignee: National University of Singapore
• Inventors: Ozyilmaz, Barbaros, Kulkarni, Eeshan Sandeep, Heussler, Sascha Pierre, Castro Neto, Antonio Helio, Andersen, Henrik
• Primary Examiner(s): Leiby, Christopher E
• Application Number:
  US15/323,243
• Publication Number:
  US 20170139495A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,344 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2005/345 Arrays
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/0025 Living bodies ear thermometers G01J5/0011; detecting, measuring or recording for diagnostic purposes A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/046 Materials; Selection of thermal materials
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/20 using resistors, thermistors or semiconductors sensitive to radiation, e.g. photoconductive devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/34 using capacitors, e.g. pyroelectric capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04102 Flexible digitiser, i.e. constructional details for allowing the whole digitising part of a device to be flexed or rolled like a sheet of paper
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04108 Touchless 2D- digitiser, i.e. digitiser detecting the X/Y position of the input means, finger or stylus, also when it does not touch, but is proximate to the digitiser's interaction surface without distance measurement in the Z direction
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/01 Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer G06F3/16 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/03 Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/041 Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0412 Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 15/10 Thermoelectric devices using thermal change of the dielectric constant, e.g. working above and below the Curie point
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 15/15 Selection of materials

Abstract

A version of the invention comprises a device for controlling or interfacing with a computer or other form of communicable machine based on the pyroelectric effect, and includes at least one optically- and infrared- (IR-) transparent graphene electrode.

Claims

1. A control device for interfacing between a human and a communicable machine based on the pyroelectric effect, the control device comprising:

at least one graphene electrode configured to transmit at least a portion of infrared radiation, emitted from the at least a portion of the human'"'"'s body in a motion relative to the control device, to at least one pyroelectric active layer;

the at least one pyroelectric active layer, said at least one pyroelectric active layer being configured to undergo a reorientation of dipoles in response to the portion of the infrared radiation received through the at least one graphene electrode; and

at least one rear electrode;

the at least one graphene electrode, the at least one pyroelectric active layer and the at least one rear electrode defining at least one pixel configured to generate an electrical signal, in response to the motion of the at least a portion of the human'"'"'s body relative to the control device, based on at least the reorientation of the dipoles in the at least one pyroelectric active layer.

2. The control device of claim 1, wherein the at least one pyroelectric active layer is optically transparent or wherein the at least one pyroelectric active layer is optically opaque.

3. The control device of claim 2, wherein the at least one pyroelectric active layer comprises polyvinylidene fluoride or a co-polymer of polyvinylidene fluoride.

4. The control device of claim 3, wherein the at least one pyroelectric active layer comprises polyvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene.

5. The control device of claim 2, wherein the at least one pyroelectric active layer comprises lead zirconate titanate.

6. The control device of claim 1, wherein the at least one rear electrode comprises an optically transparent conductor.

7. The control device of claim 6, wherein the at least one rear electrode comprises graphene or at least one of:

indium tin oxide and a silver nanowire.

8. The control device of claim 1, wherein the at least one rear electrode comprises an optically non-transparent conductor.

9. The control device of claim 8, wherein the at least one rear electrode comprises at least one of:

gold;

nickel; and

copper.

10. The control device of claim 1, wherein the at least one graphene electrode comprises a first array of a plurality of electrodes configured to be selectively activated in response to one of an x-position or a y-position of the at least a portion of the human body relative to the first array, and wherein the at least one rear electrode comprises a second array of a plurality of electrodes configured to be selectively activated in response to another one of the x-position or the y-position of the at least a portion of the human body relative to the second array.

11. The control device of claim 1, wherein the at least one pixel comprises an array of at least one of:

a plurality of diamond-shaped pixels;

a plurality of rectangle-shaped pixels; and

a plurality of triangle-shaped pixels.

12. The control device of claim 1, wherein the control device is integrated with a display.

13. The control device of claim 12, wherein the control device is mounted such that the display is underlying the control device.

14. The control device of claim 12, wherein the at least one rear electrode is mounted underlying the display, and wherein the at least one graphene electrode and the at least one rear electrode are further configured to drive the display.

15. The control device of claim 12, further comprising at least one dark pixel configured to reduce or eliminate noise in the control device.

16. The control device of claim 1, wherein the control device is connected to control the communicable machine and is located separate from the communicable machine.

17. The control device of claim 1, wherein the control device receives no external power to detect the motion of the at least a portion of the human'"'"'s body relative to the control device.

18. The control device of claim 1, wherein the control device detects the motion of the at least a portion of the human'"'"'s body relative to the control device without contacting the at least a portion of the human'"'"'s body.

19. The control device of claim 1, wherein the control device is mechanically flexible.

20. The control device of claim 1, wherein the control device is connected for human interface with at least one of:

a computer, a smartphone, an interactive television, a tablet, a trackpad, a virtual gaming device and a motion-based door activator.