On-body concealed weapon detection system

• US 10,229,328 B2
• Filed: 06/26/2015
• Issued: 03/12/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 06/26/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Mcmaster University
• Original Assignee: Mcmaster University
• Inventors: Nikolova, Natalia K., McCombe, Justin J.
• Primary Examiner(s): McGue, Frank J
• Application Number:
  US14/751,796
• Publication Number:
  US 20150379356A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,355 Days
• Field of Search: 342 22
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/887 for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/024 using polarisation effects in waveguides H01P1/165; for aerials H01Q, e.g. H01Q15/22, H01Q15/24, H01Q19/195
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/2806 Employing storage or delay devices which preserve the pulse form of the echo signal, e.g. for comparing and combining echoes received during different periods
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/292 Extracting wanted echo-signals
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/12 operating with electromagnetic waves operating with millimetre waves G01V8/005
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 20/52 Surveillance or monitoring of activities, e.g. for recognising suspicious objects recognising microscopic objects G06V20/69
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 2201/05 Recognition of patterns representing particular kinds of hidden objects, e.g. weapons, explosives, drugs

Abstract

A system and method for detecting weapons. A radiofrequency transmitter transmits an RF signal stream into a region of interest. An RF receiver receives a scattered signal stream from the region of interest. The scattered signal stream is generated in the region of interest from the radiofrequency signal stream when a target is at least partially within the region of interest. A plurality of resonant signal components are identified from the scattered signal stream. Preprocessed resonant signal components are generated by removing environmental signal components. A target assessment is determined from the preprocessed resonant signal components using a trained statistical model. A target response is triggered if the target assessment indicates that a weapon is detected on the target.

Claims

1. A method for detecting a weapon, the method comprising:

emitting a radiofrequency signal stream into a region of interest;

receiving a scattered signal stream from the region of interest, the scattered signal stream generated in the region of interest from the radiofrequency signal stream when a target is at least partially within the region of interest;

identifying a late time response portion of the scattered signal stream and an early time response portion of the scattered signal stream;

identifying a plurality of resonant signal components from the late time response portion of the scattered signal stream;

generating a plurality of preprocessed resonant signal components by removing at least one signal component from the plurality of resonant signal components, the at least one signal component corresponding to stored resonant environmental signal components for the region of interest;

determining a target assessment from the plurality of preprocessed resonant signal components and the early time response portion of the scattered signal stream using a statistical model that is based on resonant signals and early-time responses associated with the weapon, wherein the statistical model is generated using a training database having a first dataset with a first plurality of resonant signal components and early time responses associated with the weapon and a second dataset with a second plurality of resonant signal components and early time responses associated with a generic target when the weapon is not present on the generic target; and

triggering a target response if the target assessment indicates the weapon is detected on the target.

2. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the tate time response portion is identified by:

identifying an initial reflection of the emitted radiofrequency stream in the scattered signal stream; and

identifying the late time response portion based on the identified initial reflection.

3. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the resonant

environmental signal components for the region of interest are determined by:

receiving a background scattered signal stream from the region of interest when no targets are within the region of interest;

pre-processing the background scattered signal stream to identify a background early-time response portion and a background late-time response portions;

identifying the resonant environmental signal components as a plurality of background resonant signal components from the background late-time response portion of the background scattered signal stream; and

storing the resonant environmental signal components.

4. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein

the method further comprises:

updating the second dataset based on the plurality of preprocessed resonant signals components and the identified early time response portion if the weapon is not detected on the target.

5. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein:

the emitted radiofrequency signal stream is polarized to about a first orientation; and

the scattered signal stream is received at about the first orientation and at about a second orientation, the second orientation being substantially orthogonal to the first orientation.

6. The method as defined in claim 5, wherein the emitted radiofrequency signal stream is sequentially polarized to about the first orientation and to about the second orientation.

7. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the emitted radiofrequency signal stream has a frequency range of between about 0.5 GHz and about 5 GHz.

8. A system for detecting a weapon, the system comprising:

a radiofrequency transmitter having at least one transmission antenna, the radiofrequency transmitter configured to emit a radiofrequency signal stream into a region of interest using the at least one transmission antenna;

a radiofrequency receiver having at least one reception antenna, the radiofrequency receiver configured to receive a scattered signal stream from the region of interest using the at least one reception antenna, the scattered signal stream generated in the region of interest from the radiofrequency signal stream emitted by the radiofrequency transmitter when a target is at least partially within the region of interest;

a data storage unit storing resonant environmental signal components for the region of interest, a training database having a first dataset with a first plurality of resonant signal components and early time responses associated with the weapon and a second dataset with a second plurality of resonant signal components and early time responses associated with a generic target when the weapon is not present on the generic target, and a statistical model based on resonant signals and early-time responses associated with the weapon, wherein the statistical model is generated using the training database; and

a controller coupled to the radiofrequency transmitter, the radiofrequency receiver, and the data storage unit, the controller configured to;

identify a late time response portion of the scattered signal stream and an early time response portion of the scattered signal stream;

identify a plurality of resonant signal components from the late time response portion of the scattered signal streams;

generate a plurality of preprocessed resonant signal components by removing at least one signal component from the plurality of resonant signal components, the at least one signal component corresponding to the stored resonant environmental signal components;

determine a target assessment from the plurality of preprocessed resonant signal components and the early time response portion of the scattered signal stream using the statistical model; and

trigger a target response if the target assessment indicates the weapon is detected on the target.

9. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to identify the late time response portion by:

identifying an initial reflection of the emitted radiofrequency stream in the scattered signal stream; and

identifying the late time response portion based on the identified initial reflection.

10. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein:

the radiofrequency receiver is further configured to receive a background scattered signal stream from the region of interest when no targets are within the region of interest using the at least one reception antenna; and

the controller is further configured to;

preprocess the background scattered signal stream to identify a background early-time response portion and a background late-time response portion; and

identify the resonant environmental signal components for the region of interest as a plurality of background resonant signal components from the background late-time response portion of the background scattered signal stream; and

store the resonant environmental signal components in the data storage unit.

11. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein

the controller is configured to:

update the second dataset and the statistical model based on the plurality of preprocessed resonant signal components and the identified early time response portion if the weapon is not detected on the target.

12. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein:

the radiofrequency transmitter is configured to emit the radiofrequency signal stream polarized to about a first orientation using the at least one antenna;

the at least one reception antenna includes a first reception antenna and a second reception antenna; and

the radiofrequency receiver is configured to receive the scattered signal stream at about the first orientation using the first reception antenna and at about a second orientation using the second reception antenna, the second orientation being substantially orthogonal to the first orientation.

13. The system as defined in claim 12, wherein:

the radiofrequency transmitter is further configured to sequentially emit the radiofrequency signal stream polarized to about the first orientation and the radiofrequency signal stream polarized to about the about the second orientation.

14. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein the radiofrequency transmitter is configured to emit the radiofrequency signal stream with a frequency range of between about 0.5 GHz and about 5 GHz.

15. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein:

the radiofrequency transmitter is positioned at a first periphery region of the region of interest; and

the radiofrequency receiver is positioned at a second periphery region of the region of interest facing the radiofrequency transmitter, the second periphery region substantially opposite the first periphery region.

16. The system as defined in claim 8, wherein:

the radiofrequency transmitter is positioned at a first periphery region of the region of interest; and

the radiofrequency receiver is positioned substantially adjacent to the radiofrequency transmitter.

17. The system as defined in claim 8, further comprising:

a second radiofrequency transmitter spaced apart from the radiofrequency transmitter, the second radiofrequency transmitter having at least one additional transmission antenna and being configured to emit a second radiofrequency signal stream into the region of interest; and

a second radiofrequency receiver spaced apart from the radiofrequency receiver, the second radiofrequency receiver having at least one additional reception antenna and being configured to receive a second scattered signal stream from the region of interest when the target is at least partially within the region of interest, the second scattered signal stream generated in the region of interest from the second radiofrequency signal stream emitted by the second radiofrequency transmitter; and

wherein

the controller is coupled to the second radiofrequency transmitter and to the second radiofrequency receiver; and

the controller is further configured to;

identify a second plurality of resonant signal components from the second scattered signal stream;

generate a second plurality of preprocessed resonant signal components by removing a second at least one resonant environmental signal component for the region of interest from the second plurality of resonant signal components, the second at least one resonant environmental signal component corresponding to the stored resonant environmental signal components;

determine a second target assessment from the second plurality of preprocessed resonant signals using the statistical model; and

trigger the target response if the second target assessment indicates the weapon is detected on the target.

18. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium storing instructions executable by a processor coupled to the storage medium, the instructions for programming the processor to:

emit a radiofrequency signal stream into a region of interest using a radiofrequency transmitter;

receive a scattered signal stream from the region of interest using a radiofrequency receiver, the scattered signal stream generated in the region of interest from the radiofrequency signal stream when a target is at least partially within the region of interest;

identify a late time response portion of the scattered signal stream and an early time response portion of the scattered signal stream;

identify a plurality of resonant signal components from the late time response portion of the scattered signal stream;

generate a plurality of preprocessed resonant signal components by removing at least one signal component from the plurality of resonant signal components, the at least one signal component corresponding to stored resonant environmental signal components for the region of interest;

determine a target assessment from the plurality of preprocessed resonant signal components and the early time response portion of the scattered signal stream using a statistical model that is based on resonant signals and early-time responses associated with the weapon, wherein the statistical model is generated using a training database having a first dataset with a first plurality of resonant signal components and early time responses associated with the weapon and a second dataset with a second plurality of resonant signal components and early time responses associated with a generic target when the weapon is not present on the generic target; and

trigger a target response if the target assessment indicates the weapon is detected on the target.