Methods and systems for locating targets using non linear radar with a matched filter which uses exponential value of the transmit signal

• US 10,234,543 B2
• Filed: 04/20/2016
• Issued: 03/19/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/20/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
• Inventors: Mazzaro, Gregory J., Gallagher, Kyle A., Ranney, Kenneth I., Martone, Anthony F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Brainard, Timothy A
• Application Number:
  US15/133,276
• Publication Number:
  US 20170307726A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,063 Days
• Field of Search: 342193
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/0209 Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/32 using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/354 Extracting wanted echo-signals Doppler systems G01S13/50
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/414 Discriminating targets with respect to background clutter

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention concern locating targets using non-linear radar with a matched filter which uses exponential value of the transmit signal. According to embodiments, a method of non-linear radar target location includes: transmitting a signal of a transmit waveform towards a target; receiving a signal from the target; creating a matched filter by generating an exponential function of the transmit waveform corresponding to a particular harmonic of the interest; and applying the matched filter to the received signal to generate and output a signature waveform for the target of the particular harmonic of interest. In other embodiments, the matched filtering may be combined with sidelobe reduction.

Claims

1. A method of non-linear radar target location comprising:

transmitting, with an transmitting antenna, a signal of a transmit waveform towards a target;

receiving, with a receiving antenna, a signal from the target; and

by at least one processor;

creating a matched filter by generating an exponential function of the transmit waveform corresponding to a particular harmonic of the interest; and

applying the matched filter to the received signal to generate and output a signature waveform for the target of the particular harmonic of interest.

2. The method of claim 1, before the step of creating the matched filter, further comprising by the at least one processor:

analyzing the transform waveform to determine if it is real or complex; and

calculating an analytic signal version of the transmit waveform for subsequent use as the transmit waveform, if the transmit waveform is determined to be real.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein calculating the analytic signal version of the transmit waveform comprises applying a Hilbert transform to the transmit waveform.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the particular harmonic of the interest is characterized as n*f₁, where n≥

2 and f₁ is the fundamental frequency of the transmit waveform and the exponential function is defined as ƒ

ⁿ (n).

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the harmonic of interest is a second harmonic and the exponential function is the square of the transmit waveform.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the harmonic of interest is a third harmonic and the exponential function is the cube of the transmit waveform.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the exponential function is assumed to be an expected target response signature such that the output of the matched filter is a correlation between the received signal and the expected target response signature.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the matched filter to the received signal comprises:

sampling the received signal over a period of time;

time-reversing the exponential function generally corresponding to the same period of time; and

comparing the sampled received signal and time-reversed the exponential function via a convolution process to determine the time delay or phase shift between the two signals.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the convolution process comprises:

populating a received signal vector with sampled signal data of the received signal, and a target impulse response vector with signal data corresponding to the exponential function.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

adding zero values to any unpopulated data fields in the received signal and the target impulse response vectors.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the convolution process is an iterative process, in which each iteration comprises:

multiplying corresponding vector index values of the received signal and the target impulse response vectors together;

summing the multiplied values;

shifting the target impulse vector values one index position to the right; and

wrapping rightmost shifted-position value to the leftmost-position in the vector; and

after completing all iterations, identifying the maximum summed value for all the iterations.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein a new received vector is generated for a new sampling of the received signal, and the target impulse response vector values stay unchanged so long as the same transmit waveform is used.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising by the at least one processor:

applying sidelobe reduction in combination with the matched filtering.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the combined sidelobe reduction and matched filtering comprises:

filtering the received signal with the matched filter; and

performing a recursive sidelobe minimization process (RSM) in a plurality of iterations, wherein each iteration of the RSM process comprises;

randomly excising a sub-set of frequency samples from within a frequency band of the matched filtered received signal; and

reducing sidelobe levels of said signal by a windowing operation.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the received signal and the matched filter are both transformed into the frequency domain prior to the filtering operation.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the windowing operation comprises a Hanning window, a Taylor window, or a rectangular window.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmit waveform comprises a chirp waveform, pseudorandom noise waveform, polyphase code waveform, Frank code waveform, Barker code waveform, or peudorandom code waveform.

18. A system for non-linear radar target location comprising:

a transmitter having an antenna which is configured to transmit a signal of a transmit waveform towards a target;

a receiver having an antenna which is configured to receive a signal from the target; and

at least one processor which is configured to;

create a matched filter by generating an exponential function of the transmit waveform corresponding to a particular harmonic of the interest; and

apply the matched filter to the received signal to generate and output a signature waveform for the target of the particular harmonic of interest.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the transmitter further comprises a wave generator configured to generate to the transmit waveform.

20. A method of non-linear radar target location comprising:

transmitting, with an transmitting antenna, a signal of a transmit waveform towards a target;

receiving, with a receiving antenna, a signal from the target; and

by at least one processor;

analyzing the transform waveform to determine if it is real or complex; and

calculating an analytic signal version of the transmit waveform for subsequent use as the transmit waveform, if the transmit waveform is determined to be real;

creating a matched filter by generating an exponential function of the transmit waveform corresponding to a particular harmonic of the interest;

filtering the received signal with the matched filter signal;

performing a recursive sidelobe minimization process (RSM) in a plurality of iterations, wherein each iteration of the RSM process comprises;

randomly excising a sub-set of frequency samples from within a frequency band of the matched filtered received signal; and

reducing sidelobe levels of the matched filtered received signal by a windowing operation.