Electrical energy storage element, method and apparatus for producing said electrical energy storage element

• US 10,236,534 B2
• Filed: 06/05/2015
• Issued: 03/19/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 06/05/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forsching E.V., Thyssenkrupp AG, Thyssenkrupp System Engineering Gmbh (Thyssenkrupp AG)
• Original Assignee: Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forsching E.V., Thyssenkrupp AG, Thyssenkrupp System Engineering Gmbh (Thyssenkrupp AG)
• Inventors: Wolter, Mareike, Nikolowski, Kristian, Partsch, Uwe, Roscher, Michael, Echelmeyer, Thomas, Tittel, Daniel, Clauss, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Barcena, Carlos
• Application Number:
  US15/530,119
• Publication Number:
  US 20180034107A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,383 Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0585 of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/52 Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption vent plugs or other mechanical arrangements for facilitating escape of gases H01M50/30
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/63 Control systems charging or discharging in response to temperature H01M10/44 , H01M10/443; measurement of temperature H01M10/48 , H01M10/486
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0085 Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/483 for non-aqueous cells H01M4/485 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/159 Metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/164 having a layered structure
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

In the electrical energy storage element in accordance with the invention, a plurality of electrochemical cells that are each formed with a cathode and an anode as electrodes and an electrolyte are arranged stacked above one another. They are enclosed at one side by a top plate formed from an electrically conductive material, in particular aluminum, and at the oppositely disposed side by a base plate formed from an electrically conductive material, in particular aluminum. The base plate is coated by a cathode or by an anode and the cover plate is coated in a complementary manner by an anode or by a cathode. The anodes and cathodes are each formed at oppositely disposed surfaces of an electrically conductive carrier film which preferably comprises aluminum, copper, steel or an electrically conductive plastic. An outer peripheral margin is present at the carrier film that is free of electrode material and connects adjacent electrochemical cells to one another in a hermetically sealed manner with respect to the environment by means of a sealing and bonding agent. The anodes comprise a lithium titanate (LTO) having a spinel structure and the high-voltage cathodes are formed from a lithium nickel manganate (LNMO) having a spinel structure or from lithium phosphates (LP) in an olivine structure. With a gel electrolyte, a respective separator layer is present between the electrolyte and an electrode of an electrochemical cell and with a solid electrolyte no separator layer is present.

Claims

1. An electrical energy storage element in which a plurality of electrochemical cells that are each formed with a cathode (20) and an anode (50) as electrodes and with an electrolyte (30) are arranged stacked above one another and are enclosed at one side by a cover plate (10) formed from an electrically conductive material, and at the opposite side by a base plate (12) formed from an electrically conductive material, wherein the base plate (12) is coated with a cathode (20) or an anode (50) and the cover plate (10) is coated in a complementary manner with an anode (50) or a cathode (20);

and the anodes (50) and cathodes (20) are each formed at oppositely disposed surfaces of an electrically conductive carrier film (70) having an outer peripheral margin which is free of electrode material and which connects adjacent electrochemical cells to one another in a hermetically sealed manner with respect to the environment by a sealing and bonding agent, each electrically conductive carrier film individually contacted with electrically insulated wires that are led through said sealing and bonding agent;

wherein the anodes are formed from a lithium titanate (LTO) having a spinel structure and the high-voltage cathodes are formed from a lithium nickel manganate (LNMO) having a spinel structure or from lithium phosphates (LP) in an olivine structure, and a respective separator layer (40) is present between the electrolytes (30) and an electrode of an electrochemical cell with a gel-like electrolyte (30) and no separator layer (40) is present with a solid electrolyte.

2. An electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that anodes (50) are formed from Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as LTO, the cathodes (20) are formed from LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ as LNMO or lithium phosphates as LiCoPO₄ or LiNiPO₄ and the electrolyte (30) is formed with a salt conductive for lithium ions or a polyelectrolyte, a polymer having ionizable anionic and/or cationic groups or with ionic liquids or Li₇P₃S₁₁ or Li_1.5Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃) as a crystalline ion conductor and/or a separator layer (40) with Al₂O₃, a glass conducting lithium ions.

3. An electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyte (30) is formed from LiPF₆, LiTFSI or LiClO₄, that are embedded with ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate or propylene carbonate in a polymer matrix that is formed with polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), an acrylate or imidine;

or N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolodinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR₁₄TFSI) and with LiTFSI as the salt conducting lithium ions as the polyelectrolyte.

4. An electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a monitoring module, an interface module, a jacket module and/or a temperature-controlling or cooling module are present.

5. An electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is contained in the separator layer (40).

6. A method of manufacturing an electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a carrier film (70) is respectively coated at two oppositely disposed surfaces with an anode material and at the oppositely disposed side with a cathode material such that an outwardly peripheral margin free of the respective electrode material remains or the electrode material is removed from this margin;

and at least one of the two electrodes is coated with a separator layer (40) with a gel-like electrolyte and is subsequently coated with electrolyte material or the respective electrode is directly coated with electrolyte material with a solid electrolyte;

individual elements that each form an electrochemical cell are subsequently obtained by a separation and are stacked over one another such that cathodes (20) and anodes (50) are arranged alternatingly facing upwardly and in this respect the bottommost electrochemical cell is placed onto a base plate (12) which has been coated with a cathode (20) or an anode (50), with the respective complementary electrode that is arranged in the direction of the electrode formed on the base plate (12) facing in the direction of this electrode, being placed onto the topmost electrochemical cell of a cover plate (10) on which an electrode complementary to the topmost electrode of the topmost electrochemical cell is present, after reaching the desired number of electrochemical cells to be stacked; and

a closing of the electrochemical cells with respect to the environment is achieved by a sealing and bonding agent at the outer margins free of electrode material.

7. A method in accordance with the claim 6, characterized in that a closing of the electrochemical cells with respect to the environment is achieved with a sealing and bonding agent as well as with a separator element at the outer margins free of electrode material.

8. A method of manufacturing an electrical energy storage element in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes, the separator layer (40) and/or the electrolyte (30) is/are formed by application by doctor blade, printing, spraying, dispensing, powder coating or electrostatic processes.

9. A method in accordance with claim 8, characterized in that a compaction of the electrode materials applied to the carrier film is achieved by calendering.

10. A method in accordance with the claim 9, characterized in that the assembly and stacking of the electrochemical cells and of base plate and cover plate (10) are carried out under vacuum conditions or in an inert environmental atmosphere.

11. An apparatus for manufacturing electrical energy storage elements in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that at least the stacking and assembly can be carried out in a chamber that can be closed by at least one sluice and that can be evacuated or filled with an inert gas.

12. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a gripping mechanism is present in the chamber that is configured at least for stacking and for pressing the electrochemical cells.