Holographic aperture antenna configured to define selectable, arbitrary complex electromagnetic fields
First Claim
1. An antenna comprising:
- a holographic aperture having a surface including a plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements distributed thereon with a periodic inter-element spacing equal to or less than one-half of a free space wavelength of an operating frequency of the antenna, the plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements of the aperture configured to define at least two selectable, arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the surface with tangential wavenumbers up to 2π
over the aperture periodic inter-element spacing (k_apt=2π
/a),wherein the surface is a second surface of a generally planar structure, the planar structure including a first surface configured to receive incident radiofrequency electromagnetic waves, the holographic aperture configured to coherently reconstruct the incident radiofrequency electromagnetic waves responsive to a definition on the second surface of a selected one of the at least two selectable, arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, and the second surface configured to transmit the coherent reconstruction of the incident radiofrequency electromagnetic waves.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Described embodiments include an antenna and a method. In an embodiment, the antenna includes a holographic aperture having a surface including a plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements distributed thereon with a periodic inter-element spacing equal to or less than one-half of a free space wavelength of an operating frequency of the antenna. The aperture is configured to define at least two selectable complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the surface with tangential wavenumbers up to 2π over the aperture element spacing (k_apt=2π/a). In an embodiment, the holographic aperture includes an amplitude and phase modulation holographic aperture. In an embodiment, each electromagnetic wave scattering element has a respective electronically controllable electromagnetic response to an incident radiofrequency electromagnetic wave, and the plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements are electronically controllable in combination to define the at least two selectable complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the surface.
157 Citations
37 Claims
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1. An antenna comprising:
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a holographic aperture having a surface including a plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements distributed thereon with a periodic inter-element spacing equal to or less than one-half of a free space wavelength of an operating frequency of the antenna, the plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements of the aperture configured to define at least two selectable, arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the surface with tangential wavenumbers up to 2π
over the aperture periodic inter-element spacing (k_apt=2π
/a),wherein the surface is a second surface of a generally planar structure, the planar structure including a first surface configured to receive incident radiofrequency electromagnetic waves, the holographic aperture configured to coherently reconstruct the incident radiofrequency electromagnetic waves responsive to a definition on the second surface of a selected one of the at least two selectable, arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, and the second surface configured to transmit the coherent reconstruction of the incident radiofrequency electromagnetic waves. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. An antenna comprising:
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a holographic aperture having a surface including a plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements distributed thereon with a periodic inter-element spacing equal to or less than one-half of a free space wavelength of an operating frequency of the antenna, the plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements of the aperture configured to define at least two selectable, arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the surface with tangential wavenumbers up to 2π
over the aperture periodic inter-element spacing (k_apt=2π
/a),wherein the holographic aperture includes a first holographic aperture and a second holographic aperture configured in combination to define at least two selectable arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the surface with tangential wavenumbers up to a over the aperture element spacing (k_apt=2π
/a). - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29)
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30. A method comprising:
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receiving incident radiofrequency electromagnetic waves; establishing a selected arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic field on a surface using a holographic aperture having a surface including a plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements distributed thereon with a periodic inter-element spacing equal to or less than one-half of a free space wavelength of an operating frequency of the antenna, the plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements of the aperture configured to define at least two selectable, arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the surface with tangential wavenumbers up to 2π
over the aperture periodic inter-element spacing (k_apt=2π
/a), the arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic field selected from at least two selectable, arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields;coherently reconstructing the incident radiofrequency electromagnetic waves by the selected complex radiofrequency electromagnetic field established on the surface, the reconstructed radiofrequency electromagnetic waves having a radiation pattern defined by the selected complex radiofrequency electromagnetic field; and transmitting the coherently reconstructed radiofrequency electromagnetic waves. - View Dependent Claims (31, 32, 33, 34, 35)
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36. A method comprising:
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receiving radiofrequency electromagnetic waves at a first surface of a generally planar structure having the first surface and a second surface; establishing a selected arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic field on the second surface using a holographic aperture having a surface including a plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements distributed thereon with a periodic inter-element spacing equal to or less than one-half of a free space wavelength of an operating frequency of the antenna, the plurality of individual electromagnetic wave scattering elements of the aperture configured to define at least two selectable arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on the second surface with tangential wavenumbers up to 2π
over the aperture periodic inter-spacing (k_apt=2π
/a), the arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic field selected from the at least two selectable arbitrary complex radiofrequency electromagnetic fields;coherently reconstructing the received radiofrequency electromagnetic waves using the selected complex radiofrequency electromagnetic field established on the second surface, the reconstructed radiofrequency electromagnetic waves having a radiation pattern defined by the selected complex radiofrequency electromagnetic field; and transmitting from the second surface the coherently reconstructed radiofrequency electromagnetic waves. - View Dependent Claims (37)
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Specification